Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/cs/usage.xml @ 37195:ac6c37d85d65 default tip
configure: Fix initialization of variable def_local_aligned_32
It contiained the #define of HAVE_LOCAL_ALIGNED_16 instead
of HAVE_LOCAL_ALIGNED_32.
| author | al |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 28 Sep 2014 18:38:41 +0000 |
| parents | ca216bfc52cf |
| children |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> |
| 24709 | 2 <!-- Synced with r24056 --> |
| 14351 | 3 <chapter id="usage"> |
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4 <title>Použití</title> |
| 14351 | 5 |
| 6 <sect1 id="commandline"> | |
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7 <title>Příkazový řádek</title> |
| 14351 | 8 |
| 9 <para> | |
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10 <application>MPlayer</application> využívá komplexní strukturu voleb. Ta sestává |
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11 z globálních voleb uváděných jako první, například: |
| 14351 | 12 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5</screen> |
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13 a voleb zapisovaných za jménem souboru, které se projeví pouze u tohoto jména |
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14 souboru/URL/čehokoli, například: |
| 23364 | 15 <screen> |
| 16 mplayer -vfm 5 <replaceable>film1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>film2.avi</replaceable> -vfm 4 | |
| 17 </screen> | |
| 14351 | 18 </para> |
| 19 | |
| 20 <para> | |
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21 Můžete seskupovat jména souborů/adresy URL pomocí <literal>{</literal> a |
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22 <literal>}</literal>. Toho se dá využít s volbou <option>-loop</option>: |
| 14351 | 23 <screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> |
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24 Výše uvedený příkaz přehraje soubory v tomto pořadí: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. |
| 14351 | 25 </para> |
| 26 | |
| 27 <para> | |
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28 Přehrávání souboru: |
| 14351 | 29 <synopsis> |
| 30 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
| 31 --> [<replaceable>volby</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 32 --> [<replaceable>cesta</replaceable>/]<replaceable>soubor</replaceable> | |
| 33 </synopsis> | |
| 34 </para> | |
| 35 | |
| 36 <para> | |
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37 Jiný způsob přehrání souboru: |
| 15676 | 38 <synopsis> |
| 39 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
| 40 --> [<replaceable>volby</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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41 --> <replaceable>file:///uri-eskejpovaná-cesta-k-souboru</replaceable> |
| 15676 | 42 </synopsis> |
| 43 </para> | |
| 44 | |
| 45 <para> | |
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46 Přehrávání více souborů: |
| 14351 | 47 <synopsis> |
| 48 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
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49 --> [<replaceable>výchozí volby</replaceable>]<!-- |
| 14351 | 50 --> [<replaceable>cesta</replaceable>/]<replaceable>soubor1</replaceable><!-- |
| 51 --> [<replaceable>volby pro soubor1</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 52 --> <replaceable>soubor2</replaceable><!-- | |
| 53 --> [<replaceable>volby pro soubor2</replaceable>] ... | |
| 54 </synopsis> | |
| 55 </para> | |
| 56 | |
| 57 <para> | |
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58 Přehrávání VCD: |
| 14351 | 59 <synopsis> |
| 60 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>volby</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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61 --> vcd://<replaceable>číslo_stopy</replaceable><!-- |
| 14351 | 62 --> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] |
| 63 </synopsis> | |
| 64 </para> | |
| 65 | |
| 66 <para> | |
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67 Přehrávání DVD: |
| 14351 | 68 <synopsis> |
| 69 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>volby</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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70 --> dvd://<replaceable>číslo_titulu</replaceable><!-- |
| 14351 | 71 --> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] |
| 72 </synopsis> | |
| 73 </para> | |
| 74 | |
| 75 <para> | |
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76 Přehrávání z WWW: |
| 14351 | 77 <synopsis> |
| 78 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>volby</replaceable>]<!-- | |
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79 --> http://<replaceable>doména.com/soubor.asf</replaceable> |
| 14351 | 80 </synopsis> |
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81 (rovněž lze použít playlisty) |
| 14351 | 82 </para> |
| 83 | |
| 84 <para> | |
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85 Přehrávání z RTSP: |
| 14351 | 86 <synopsis> |
| 87 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>volby</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 88 --> rtsp://<replaceable>server.priklad.com/JmenoProudu</replaceable> | |
| 89 </synopsis> | |
| 90 </para> | |
| 91 | |
| 92 <para> | |
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93 Příklady: |
| 14351 | 94 <screen> |
| 95 mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Filmy/Kontakt/kontakt2.mpg</replaceable> | |
| 96 mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
| 97 mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailery/alien4.vob</replaceable> | |
| 98 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
| 99 mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/filmy/test.avi</replaceable><!-- | |
| 100 --></screen> | |
| 101 </para> | |
| 102 </sect1> | |
| 103 | |
| 104 | |
| 23364 | 105 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
| 106 | |
| 107 | |
| 20062 | 108 <sect1 id="subosd"> |
| 109 <title>Titulky a OSD</title> | |
| 110 | |
| 111 <para> | |
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112 <application>MPlayer</application> umí zobrazovat titulky spolu s filmem. |
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113 V současnosti podporuje tyto formáty: |
| 20062 | 114 <itemizedlist> |
| 23364 | 115 <listitem><para>VOBsub</para></listitem> |
| 116 <listitem><para>OGM</para></listitem> | |
| 117 <listitem><para>CC (closed caption)</para></listitem> | |
| 118 <listitem><para>MicroDVD</para></listitem> | |
| 119 <listitem><para>SubRip</para></listitem> | |
| 120 <listitem><para>SubViewer</para></listitem> | |
| 121 <listitem><para>Sami</para></listitem> | |
| 122 <listitem><para>VPlayer</para></listitem> | |
| 123 <listitem><para>RT</para></listitem> | |
| 124 <listitem><para>SSA</para></listitem> | |
| 125 <listitem><para>PJS (Phoenix Japanimation Society)</para></listitem> | |
| 126 <listitem><para>MPsub</para></listitem> | |
| 127 <listitem><para>AQTitle</para></listitem> | |
| 128 <listitem><para> | |
| 129 <ulink url="http://unicorn.us.com/jacosub/">JACOsub</ulink> | |
| 130 </para></listitem> | |
| 20062 | 131 </itemizedlist> |
| 132 </para> | |
| 133 | |
| 134 <para> | |
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135 <application>MPlayer</application> umí vyextrahovat výše uvedené formáty titulků |
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136 (<emphasis role="bold">s výjimkou prvních třech</emphasis>) do následujících |
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137 cílových formátů zadáním příslušných voleb: |
| 20062 | 138 <itemizedlist> |
| 23364 | 139 <listitem><para>MPsub: <option>-dumpmpsub</option></para></listitem> |
| 140 <listitem><para>SubRip: <option>-dumpsrtsub</option></para></listitem> | |
| 141 <listitem><para>MicroDVD: <option>-dumpmicrodvdsub</option></para></listitem> | |
| 142 <listitem><para>JACOsub: <option>-dumpjacosub</option></para></listitem> | |
| 143 <listitem><para>Sami: <option>-dumpsami</option></para></listitem> | |
| 20062 | 144 </itemizedlist> |
| 145 </para> | |
| 146 | |
| 147 <para> | |
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148 <application>MEncoder</application> umí vyextrahovat DVD titulky do formátu |
| 20062 | 149 <link linkend="menc-feat-extractsub">VOBsub</link>. |
| 150 </para> | |
| 151 | |
| 152 <para> | |
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153 Volby příkazového řádku se pro různé formáty mírně liší: |
| 20062 | 154 </para> |
| 155 | |
| 156 <formalpara> | |
| 157 <title>VOBsub titulky</title> | |
| 158 <para> | |
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159 VOBsub titulky se skládají z velkého (řádově megabajty) <filename>.SUB</filename> |
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160 souboru a volitelného <filename>.IDX</filename> a/nebo <filename>.IFO</filename> |
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161 souboru. Pokud máte soubory jako |
| 20062 | 162 <filename><replaceable>sample.sub</replaceable></filename>, |
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163 <filename><replaceable>sample.ifo</replaceable></filename> (volitelný), |
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164 <filename><replaceable>sample.idx</replaceable></filename> – musíte předat |
| 20062 | 165 <application>MPlayer</application>u volby <option>-vobsub sample |
| 166 [-vobsubid <replaceable>id</replaceable>]</option> | |
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167 (volitelně s plnou cestou). Volba <option>-vobsubid</option> je jako |
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168 <option>-sid</option> pro DVD, můžete jí vybírat mezi titulkovými stopami |
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169 (jazyky). Je-li <option>-vobsubid</option> vynechána, pak se |
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170 <application>MPlayer</application> pokusí použít jazyky zadané volbou |
| 23364 | 171 <option>-slang</option> a při selhání použije |
| 172 <systemitem>langidx</systemitem> v <filename>.IDX</filename> | |
| 173 souboru. Pokud selže i zde, nebudou titulky. | |
| 20062 | 174 </para> |
| 175 </formalpara> | |
| 176 | |
| 177 <formalpara> | |
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178 <title>Ostatní titulky</title> |
| 20062 | 179 <para> |
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180 Ostatní formáty tvoří jediný textový soubor obsahující časování, |
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181 umístění a textovou část. Použití: máte-li soubor jako |
| 20062 | 182 <filename><replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></filename>, |
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183 musíte předat volbu <option>-sub |
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184 <replaceable>sample.txt</replaceable></option> (volitelně s plnou cestou). |
| 20062 | 185 </para> |
| 186 </formalpara> | |
| 187 | |
| 188 <variablelist> | |
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189 <title>Úpravy časování a umístění titulků:</title> |
| 20062 | 190 <varlistentry> |
| 191 <term><option>-subdelay <replaceable>sec</replaceable></option></term> | |
| 23364 | 192 <listitem><para> |
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193 Opozdí titulky o <option><replaceable>sec</replaceable></option> sekund. |
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194 Může být i záporné. Hodnota je přidána k čítači pozice ve filmu. |
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195 </para></listitem> |
| 20062 | 196 </varlistentry> |
| 197 <varlistentry> | |
| 198 <term><option>-subfps <replaceable>RYCHLOST</replaceable></option></term> | |
| 23364 | 199 <listitem><para> |
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200 Nastavuje rychlost ve snímcích/sek titulkového souboru (desetinné číslo). |
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201 </para></listitem> |
| 20062 | 202 </varlistentry> |
| 203 <varlistentry> | |
| 204 <term><option>-subpos <replaceable>0-100</replaceable></option></term> | |
| 23364 | 205 <listitem><para> |
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206 Nastavuje pozici titulků. |
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207 </para></listitem> |
| 20062 | 208 </varlistentry> |
| 209 </variablelist> | |
| 210 | |
| 211 <para> | |
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212 Pokud se vám zvětšuje rozdíl mezi filmem a titulky, při použití |
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213 titulkového souboru formátu MicroDVD, nejspíš se snímková rychlost |
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214 titulků a filmu liší. Poznamenejme, že MicroDVD formát používá |
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215 pro časování absolutní čísla snímků, ale není v něm informace |
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216 o snímkové rychlosti, a proto byste měli s tímto formátem používat volbu |
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217 <option>-subfps</option>. Chcete-li tento problém vyřešit trvale, |
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218 musíte manuálně převést snímkovou rychlost souboru s titulky. |
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219 <application>MPlayer</application> může převod udělat za |
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220 vás: |
| 20062 | 221 |
| 23364 | 222 <screen> |
| 223 mplayer -dumpmicrodvdsub -fps <replaceable>fps_titulků</replaceable> -subfps <replaceable>avi_fps</replaceable> \ | |
| 224 -sub <replaceable>soubor_s_titulky</replaceable> <replaceable>dummy.avi</replaceable> | |
| 225 </screen> | |
| 20062 | 226 </para> |
| 227 | |
| 228 <para> | |
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229 O DVD titulcích si přečtěte v sekci <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link>. |
| 20062 | 230 </para> |
| 231 </sect1> | |
| 232 | |
| 233 | |
| 23364 | 234 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
| 235 | |
| 236 | |
| 14351 | 237 <sect1 id="control"> |
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238 <title>Ovládání</title> |
| 14351 | 239 |
| 240 <para> | |
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241 <application>MPlayer</application> má plně konfigurovatelnou, příkazy řízenou, |
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242 ovládací vrstvu, která vám umožní ovládat <application>MPlayer</application> |
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243 pomocí klávesnice, myši, joysticku nebo dálkového ovládače (používající LIRC). |
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244 Úplný seznam ovládacích prvků na klávesnici naleznete v man stránce. |
| 14351 | 245 </para> |
| 246 | |
| 23364 | 247 <!-- ********** --> |
| 14351 | 248 |
| 249 <sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> | |
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250 <title>Konfigurace ovládání</title> |
| 14351 | 251 |
| 252 <para> | |
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253 <application>MPlayer</application> umožňuje přiřadit jakoukoli klávesu jakémukoli |
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254 příkazu <application>MPlayer</application>u pomocí jednoduchého konfiguračního |
| 14351 | 255 souboru. |
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256 Syntaxe sestává z názvu klávesy následovaného příkazem. Výchozí umístění |
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257 konfiguračního souboru je |
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258 <filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename> ale můžete jej potlačit použitím |
| 14351 | 259 volby <option>-input <replaceable>konfig</replaceable></option> |
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260 (relativní cesty jsou vztaženy k <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). |
| 14351 | 261 </para> |
| 262 | |
| 263 <para> | |
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264 Úplný seznam podporovaných jmen kláves dostanete příkazem |
| 14351 | 265 <command>mplayer -input keylist</command> |
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266 a úplný seznam dostupných příkazů příkazem |
| 14351 | 267 <command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. |
| 268 </para> | |
| 269 | |
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270 <example id="input_control_file"> |
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271 <title>Jednoduchý vstupní ovládací soubor</title> |
| 14351 | 272 <programlisting> |
| 273 ## | |
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274 ## Vstupní soubor ovládání MPlayeru |
| 14351 | 275 ## |
| 276 | |
| 277 RIGHT seek +10 | |
| 278 LEFT seek -10 | |
| 279 - audio_delay 0.100 | |
| 280 + audio_delay -0.100 | |
| 281 q quit | |
| 282 > pt_step 1 | |
| 283 < pt_step -1 | |
| 284 ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- | |
| 285 --></programlisting> | |
| 286 </example> | |
| 287 </sect2> | |
| 288 | |
| 23364 | 289 <!-- ********** --> |
| 14351 | 290 |
| 291 <sect2 id="lirc"> | |
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292 <title>Ovládání z LIRC</title> |
| 14351 | 293 |
| 294 <para> | |
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295 Linux Infrared Remote Control – použijte jednoduše vyrobitelný doma udělaný |
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296 IR-přijímač, |
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297 (téměř) libovolný dálkový ovládač a ovládejte jím svůj Linux! |
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298 Více se o tom dovíte na <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">domácí stránce LIRC</ulink>. |
| 14351 | 299 </para> |
| 300 | |
| 301 <para> | |
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302 Pokud máte nainstalován balíček LIRC, <filename>configure</filename> jej zdetekuje. |
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303 Pokud vše dopadne dobře, <application>MPlayer</application> při startu |
| 23364 | 304 vypíše "<systemitem>Nastavuji podporu LIRC...</systemitem>". |
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305 Pokud dojde k chybě, oznámí vám to. Pokud nevypíše žádnou zprávu o LIRC, |
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306 pak pro něj není podpora zakompilována. To je vše :-) |
| 14351 | 307 </para> |
| 308 | |
| 309 <para> | |
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310 Jméno spustitelného souboru <application>MPlayer</application>u je - překvapení - |
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311 <filename>mplayer</filename>. Můžete použít jakýkoli příkaz |
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312 <application>MPlayer</application>u a dokonce i více než jeden, pokud je oddělíte |
| 14351 | 313 znakem <literal>\n</literal>. |
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314 Nezapomeňte zapnout opakovací (repeat) příznak v <filename>.lircrc</filename> tam, |
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315 kde to dává smysl (vyhledávání, hlasitost, atd.). |
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316 Zde je výňatek z demonstračního |
| 14351 | 317 <filename>.lircrc</filename>: |
| 318 </para> | |
| 319 | |
| 320 <programlisting> | |
| 321 begin | |
| 322 button = VOLUME_PLUS | |
| 323 prog = mplayer | |
| 324 config = volume 1 | |
| 325 repeat = 1 | |
| 326 end | |
| 327 | |
| 328 begin | |
| 329 button = VOLUME_MINUS | |
| 330 prog = mplayer | |
| 331 config = volume -1 | |
| 332 repeat = 1 | |
| 333 end | |
| 334 | |
| 335 begin | |
| 336 button = CD_PLAY | |
| 337 prog = mplayer | |
| 338 config = pause | |
| 339 end | |
| 340 | |
| 341 begin | |
| 342 button = CD_STOP | |
| 343 prog = mplayer | |
| 344 config = seek 0 1\npause | |
| 345 end<!-- | |
| 346 --></programlisting> | |
| 347 | |
| 348 <para> | |
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349 Pokud se vám nelíbí standardní umístění lirc-config souboru |
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350 (<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>) použijte volbu <option>-lircconf |
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351 <replaceable>soubor</replaceable></option> k určení jiného souboru. |
| 14351 | 352 </para> |
| 353 </sect2> | |
| 354 | |
| 23364 | 355 <!-- ********** --> |
| 14351 | 356 |
| 357 <sect2 id="slave-mode"> | |
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358 <title>Závislý režim</title> |
| 23364 | 359 |
| 14351 | 360 <para> |
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361 Závislý režim vám umožňuje vytvořit jednoduché ovládací panely (frontendy) |
| 14351 | 362 <application>MPlayer</application>u. Pokud je <application>MPlayer</application> |
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363 spuštěn s volbou <option>-slave</option>, pak bude číst příkazy oddělené novým |
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364 řádkem (\n) ze standardního vstupu. |
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365 Příkazy jsou dokumentovány v souboru |
| 14351 | 366 <ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink>. |
| 367 </para> | |
| 368 </sect2> | |
| 369 </sect1> | |
| 370 | |
| 371 | |
| 23364 | 372 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
| 373 | |
| 374 | |
| 14351 | 375 <sect1 id="streaming"> |
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376 <title>Přehrávání datových proudů ze sítě nebo rour</title> |
| 14351 | 377 |
| 378 <para> | |
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379 <application>MPlayer</application> umí přehrávat soubory ze sítě s použitím protokolu |
| 14351 | 380 HTTP, FTP, MMS nebo RTSP/RTP. |
| 381 </para> | |
| 382 | |
| 383 <para> | |
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384 Přehrávání pracuje jednoduše tak, že uvedete URL na příkazovém řádku. |
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385 <application>MPlayer</application> ctí systémovou proměnnou <envar>http_proxy</envar> |
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386 a použije proxy pokud je k dispozici. Proxy může být rovněž vynucena: |
| 23364 | 387 <screen> |
| 388 mplayer <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/stream.asf</replaceable> | |
| 389 </screen> | |
| 14351 | 390 </para> |
| 391 | |
| 392 <para> | |
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393 <application>MPlayer</application> umí číst ze std. vstupu |
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394 (<emphasis>ne</emphasis> z pojmenovaných rour). To může být například použito |
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395 pro přehrávání z FTP: |
| 23364 | 396 <screen> |
| 397 wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer - | |
| 398 </screen> | |
| 14351 | 399 </para> |
| 400 | |
| 401 <note><para> | |
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402 Také doporučujeme zapnout <option>-cache</option> při přehrávání |
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403 ze sítě: |
| 23364 | 404 <screen> |
| 405 wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/something.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 - | |
| 406 </screen> | |
| 14351 | 407 </para></note> |
| 15676 | 408 |
| 23364 | 409 <!-- ********** --> |
| 410 | |
| 15676 | 411 <sect2 id="streaming-save"> |
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412 <title>Uložení proudového obsahu</title> |
| 23364 | 413 |
| 15676 | 414 <para> |
| 23364 | 415 Jakmile jste přiměli <application>MPlayer</application> přehrát |
| 416 váš oblíbený internetový proud, můžete použít volbu | |
| 417 <option>-dumpstream</option> k uložení datového proudu do souboru. | |
| 418 For example: | |
| 15676 | 419 <screen> |
| 23364 | 420 mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>proud.asf</replaceable> |
| 15676 | 421 </screen> |
| 23364 | 422 uloží proudové video z |
| 423 <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> do | |
| 424 <replaceable>proud.asf</replaceable>. | |
| 425 Pracovat to bude se všemi <application>MPlayer</application>em podporovanými | |
| 426 protokoly, jako MMS, RTSP, a tak dále. | |
| 15676 | 427 </para> |
| 428 </sect2> | |
| 23364 | 429 </sect1> |
| 15676 | 430 |
| 23364 | 431 |
| 432 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
| 433 | |
| 14351 | 434 |
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435 <sect1 id="drives"> |
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436 <title>CD/DVD mechaniky</title> |
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437 |
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438 <para> |
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439 Moderní CD-ROM mechaniky dosahují velmi vysokých otáček a některé z nich |
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440 mohou pracovat i se sníženými otáčkami. Existuje několik důvodů, pro |
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441 které byste mohli chtít změnit rychlost CD-ROM mechaniky: |
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442 </para> |
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443 |
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444 <itemizedlist> |
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445 <listitem><para> |
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446 Byly zprávy o chybách čtení při vysokých rychlostech, zvláště u špatně |
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447 vylisovaných CD-ROMů. Z těchto důvodů může snížení rychlosti působit |
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448 jako prevence ztráty dat. |
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449 </para></listitem> |
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450 |
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451 <listitem><para> |
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452 Mnoho CD-ROM mechanik je nechutně hlučných, nižší rychlost může omezit |
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453 tento hluk. |
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454 </para></listitem> |
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455 </itemizedlist> |
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456 |
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457 <!-- ********** --> |
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458 |
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459 <sect2 id="drives_linux"> |
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460 <title>Linux</title> |
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461 |
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462 <para> |
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463 Můžete snížit rychlost IDE CD-ROM mechanik pomocí <command>hdparm</command>, |
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464 <command>setcd</command> nebo <command>cdctl</command>. Pracuje to asi takto: |
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465 <screen>hdparm -E <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable> <replaceable>[mechanika cdrom]</replaceable></screen> |
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466 <screen>setcd -x <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable> <replaceable>[mechanika cdrom]</replaceable></screen> |
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467 <screen>cdctl -bS <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable></screen> |
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468 </para> |
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469 |
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470 <para> |
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471 Pokud používáte SCSI emulaci, budete muset předat tato nastavení do skutečného |
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472 IDE zařízení, nikoli emulovaného SCSI zařízení. |
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473 </para> |
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474 |
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475 <para> |
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476 Pokud máte práva root-a, následující příkaz vám rovněž může pomoci: |
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477 <screen>echo file_readahead:2000000 > /proc/ide/<replaceable>[mechanika cdrom]</replaceable>/settings</screen> |
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478 </para> |
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479 |
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480 <para> |
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481 To nastaví čtení napřed na 2MB, což pomůže při poškrábaných médiích. |
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482 Pokud ji však nastavíte příliš vysoko, bude mechanika stále zrychlovat a |
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483 zpomalovat, což výrazně sníží její výkon. |
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484 Doporučujeme vám rovněž vyladit vaši CD-ROM mechaniku pomocí <command>hdparm</command>: |
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485 <screen>hdparm -d1 -a8 -u1 <replaceable>[cdrom zařízení]</replaceable></screen> |
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486 </para> |
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487 |
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488 <para> |
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489 To zapne DMA přístup, čtení napřed a odmaskování IRQ (přečtěte si man stránku |
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490 programu <command>hdparm</command> pro podrobné vysvětlení). |
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491 </para> |
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492 |
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493 <para> |
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494 Prostudujte si |
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495 „<filename>/proc/ide/<replaceable>(cdrom zařízení)</replaceable>/settings</filename>“ |
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496 pro jemné doladění vaší CD-ROM. |
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497 </para> |
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498 |
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499 <para> |
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500 SCSI mechaniky nemají jednotný způsob pro nastavení těchto parametrů |
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501 (Znáte nějaký? Řekněte nám jej!). Existuje nástroj, který pracuje se |
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502 <ulink url="http://das.ist.org/~georg/">SCSI mechanikami Plextor</ulink>. |
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503 </para> |
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504 </sect2> |
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505 |
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506 <!-- ********** --> |
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507 |
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508 <sect2 id="drives_freebsd"> |
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509 <title>FreeBSD</title> |
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510 |
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511 <para>rychlost: |
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512 <screen> |
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513 cdcontrol [-f <replaceable>zařízení</replaceable>] speed <replaceable>[rychlost]</replaceable> |
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514 </screen> |
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515 </para> |
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516 |
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517 <para>DMA: |
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518 <screen> |
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519 sysctl hw.ata.atapi_dma=1 |
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520 </screen> |
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521 </para> |
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522 |
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523 </sect2> |
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524 |
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525 </sect1> |
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526 |
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527 |
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528 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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529 |
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530 |
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531 <sect1 id="dvd"> |
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532 <title>Přehrávání DVD</title> |
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533 |
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534 <para> |
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535 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb naleznete v man stránce. |
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536 Syntaxe pro přehrání standardního DVD je následující: |
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537 <screen> |
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538 mplayer dvd://<replaceable><track></replaceable> [-dvd-device <replaceable><DVD_zařízení></replaceable>] |
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539 </screen> |
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540 </para> |
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541 |
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542 <para> |
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543 Příklad: |
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544 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -dvd-device /dev/hdc</screen> |
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545 </para> |
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546 |
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547 <para> |
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548 Pokud jste kompilovali <application>MPlayer</application> s podporou dvdnav, |
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549 je syntaxe stejná až na to, že musíte používat dvdnav:// místo dvd://. |
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550 </para> |
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551 |
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552 <para> |
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553 Výchozím DVD zařízením je <filename>/dev/dvd</filename>. Pokud se vaše nastavení |
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554 liší, vytvořte symlink, nebo uveďte správné zařízení na příkazovém řádku |
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555 pomocí volby <option>-dvd-device</option>. |
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556 </para> |
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557 |
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558 <para> |
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559 <application>MPlayer</application> používá <systemitem>libdvdread</systemitem> a |
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560 <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem> pro přehrávání a dekódování DVD. Tyto dvě |
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561 knihovny jsou obsaženy ve zdrojových kódech |
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562 <application>MPlayer</application>u, nemusíte je tedy instalovat zvlášť. |
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563 Můžete rovněž použít systémové verze těchto knihoven, ale toto řešení |
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564 nedoporučujeme, protože může vést k chybám, |
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565 nekompatibilitě knihovny a nižší rychlosti. |
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566 </para> |
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567 |
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568 <note><para> |
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569 V případě problémů s dekódováním DVD, zkuste vypnout supermount a podobná udělátka. |
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570 Některé RPC-2 mechaniky mohou rovněž vyžadovat nastavení region kódu. |
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571 </para></note> |
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572 |
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573 <formalpara> |
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574 <title>Dekódování DVD</title> |
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575 <para> |
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576 Dekódování DVD provádí <systemitem>libdvdcss</systemitem>. Metodu |
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577 můžete zvolit pomocí proměnné prostředí <envar>DVDCSS_METHOD</envar>, |
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578 detaIly viz manuálová stránka. |
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579 </para> |
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580 </formalpara> |
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581 |
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582 <sect2 id="region_code"> |
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583 <title>Kód regionu</title> |
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584 <para> |
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585 DVD mechaniky v současnosti přicházejí s nesmyslným omezením nazvaným |
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586 <ulink url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_region_code">kód regionu</ulink>. |
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587 To je způsob jak přinutit DVD mechaniku akceptovat pouze DVD vyrobené pro |
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588 jeden ze šesti různých regionů na které byl rozdělen svět. Jak si může skupina lidí |
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589 zasednout ke kulatému stolu, přijít s takovým nápadem a čekat, že se svět |
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590 21. století skloní před jejich vůlí je naprosto nepochopitelné |
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591 </para> |
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592 |
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593 <para> |
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594 Mechaniky, které vynucují nastavení regionu poze softwarově jsou známy také jako |
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595 RPC-1 a ty, které to dělají v hardware jako RPC-2. Mechaniky RPC-2 umožňují změnu |
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596 kódu regionu pětkrát a pak zůstane pevný. |
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597 V Linuxu můžete použít nástroj |
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598 <ulink url="http://linvdr.org/projects/regionset/">regionset</ulink> |
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599 pro nastavení kódu regionu vaší DVD mechaniky. |
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600 </para> |
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601 |
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602 <para> |
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603 Naštěstí je možné konvertovat RPC-2 mechaniky na RPC-1 pomocí |
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604 upgrade firmware. Vyplňte modelové číslo vaší DVD mechaniky do svého oblíbeného |
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605 vyhledávače, nebo se podívejte do fóra a sekce download |
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606 <ulink url="http://www.rpc1.org/">„Firmware stránek“</ulink>. |
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607 Ačkoli platí obvyklé „kazy“ upgradů fimware, zkušenosti se zbavením se |
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608 vynucování region kódů jsou obecně kladné. |
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609 </para> |
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610 </sect2> |
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611 |
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612 </sect1> |
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613 |
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614 |
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615 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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616 |
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617 |
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618 <sect1 id="vcd"> |
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619 <title>Přehrávání VCD</title> |
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620 <para> |
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621 Úplný seznam dostupných voleb naleznete v man stránce. Syntaxe pro standardní |
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622 Video CD (VCD) je následující: |
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623 <screen>mplayer vcd://<replaceable><stopa></replaceable> [-cdrom-device <replaceable><zařízení></replaceable>]</screen> |
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624 Příklad: |
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625 <screen>mplayer vcd://2 -cdrom-device /dev/hdc</screen> |
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626 Výchozím VCD zařízením je <filename>/dev/cdrom</filename>. Pokud se vaše nastavení |
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627 liší, vytvořte symlink nebo uveďte správné zařízení na příkazovém řádku pomocí volby |
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628 <option>-cdrom-device</option>. |
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629 </para> |
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630 |
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631 <note><para> |
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632 Minimálně SCSI CD-ROM mechaniky Plextor a Toshiba vykazují mizerný výkon |
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633 při čtení VCD. To proto, že CDROMREADRAW <systemitem>ioctl</systemitem> |
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634 není pro tyto mechaniky plně implementováno. Pokud máte zkušenosti se |
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635 SCSI programováním, prosíme |
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636 <ulink url="../../tech/patches.txt">pomozte nám</ulink> |
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637 implementovat obecnou SCSI podporu pro VCD. |
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638 </para></note> |
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639 |
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640 <para> |
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641 Mezitím můžete extrahovat data z VCD pomocí |
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642 <ulink url="http://ftp.ntut.edu.tw/ftp/OS/Linux/packages/X/viewers/readvcd/">readvcd</ulink> |
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643 a výsledný soubor přehrát v <application>MPlayer</application>u. |
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644 </para> |
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645 |
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646 <formalpara> |
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647 <title>Struktura VCD</title> |
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648 <para> |
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649 Video CD (VCD) je tvořeno CD-ROM XA sektory, čili stopy CD-ROM mode 2 |
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650 třída 1 a 2: |
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651 <itemizedlist> |
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652 <listitem><para> |
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653 První stopa je ve formátu mode 2 třída 2 což znamená, že používá L2 |
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654 korekci chyb. Stopa obsahuje souborový systém ISO-9660 s 2048 |
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655 bajty/sektor. Tento souborový systém obsahuje VCD metadata informace, |
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656 spolu se statickými snímky často používanými v menu. MPEG segmenty menu |
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657 mohou být rovněž uloženy v této první stopě, ale tyto MPEGy musí být |
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658 rozsekány na série 150 sektorových chunků. Souborový systém ISO-9660 |
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659 může obsahovat další soubory, které nejsou potřeba pro operace |
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660 s VCD. |
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661 </para></listitem> |
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662 |
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663 <listitem><para> |
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664 Druhá a ostatní stopy jsou všeobecně surovými MPEG (film) stopami |
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665 s 2324 bajty/sektor, obsahující jeden MPEG PS datový paket na |
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666 sektor. Ty jsou v mode 2 třída 1 formátu, takže obsahují více dat |
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667 v každém sektoru za cenu omezení korekce chyb. Je rovněž možné mít |
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668 CD-DA stopy na VCD za první stopou. |
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669 V některých operačních systémech jsou triky, které umožňují zpřístupnit |
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670 tyto ne-ISO-9660 stopy v systému souborů. V dalších operačních |
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671 systémech jako GNU/Linux to není možné (zatím). Zde MPEG data |
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672 <emphasis role="bold">nemohou být připojena</emphasis>. Protože většina |
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673 filmů je uložena uvnitř tohoto druhu stopy, měli byste nejprve zkusit |
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674 <option>vcd://2</option>. |
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675 </para></listitem> |
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676 |
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677 <listitem><para> |
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678 Existují také VCD disky bez první stopy (jediná stopa bez systému souborů). |
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679 Můžete je přehrát, ale nemohou být namountovány. |
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680 </para></listitem> |
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681 |
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682 <listitem><para> |
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683 Definice standardu Video CD se nazývá |
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684 Philips „White Book“ a není obecně přístupná online, ale musí být zakoupena |
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685 od Philipsu. Podrobnější informace o Video CD můžete nalézt |
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686 <ulink url="http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/manuals/0.7/vcdimager.html#SEC4">v dokumentaci programu vcdimager</ulink>. |
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687 </para></listitem> |
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688 </itemizedlist> |
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689 </para> |
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690 </formalpara> |
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691 |
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692 <formalpara> |
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693 <title>Pár slov o .DAT souborech</title> |
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694 <para> |
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695 Soubor veliký ~600 MB viditelný v první stopě připojeného VCD není |
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696 skutečným souborem! Je to takzvaná ISO gateway, vytvořená proto, |
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697 aby mohl Windows přistupovat k těmto stopám (Windows vůbec neumožňuje |
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698 aplikacím surový přístup k zařízení). |
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699 Pod Linuxem nemůžete kopírovat nebo přehrávat tyto soubory |
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700 (obsahují jen nesmysly). Pod Windows je to možné, protože jeho iso9660 |
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701 ovladač emuluje surový přístup ke stopě v tomto souboru. Abyste mohli |
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702 přehrát .DAT soubor, potřebujete ovladač kernelu který můžete nalézt |
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703 v Linuxové verzi PowerDVD. Obsahuje upravený ovladač systému souborů |
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704 iso9660 (<filename>vcdfs/isofs-2.4.X.o</filename>), který umí emulovat |
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705 surové stopy přes tento stínový .DAT soubor. Pokud připojíte disk |
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706 s pomocí jejich ovladače, můžete kopírovat či dokonce přehrávat .DAT |
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707 soubory <application>MPlayer</application>em. Ale nebude to fungovat |
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|
708 se standardním iso9660 ovladačem z Linuxového kernelu! Místo toho |
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709 použijte <option>vcd://</option>. Alternativou kopírování VCD je |
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710 nový jaderný ovladač jménem |
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711 <ulink url="http://www.elis.rug.ac.be/~ronsse/cdfs/">cdfs</ulink> |
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712 (není součástí oficiálního jádra), který zobrazuje CD sekce jako |
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713 obrazové soubory a program |
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714 <ulink url="http://cdrdao.sf.net/">cdrdao</ulink>, který bit-po-bitu |
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715 grabuje/kopíruje CD. |
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|
716 </para> |
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717 </formalpara> |
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|
718 </sect1> |
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719 |
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720 |
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721 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> |
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722 |
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723 |
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724 <sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Seznamy editačních zásahů (EDL)"> |
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725 <title>Seznamy editačních zásahů (EDL)</title> |
| 14351 | 726 |
| 727 <para> | |
|
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728 Systém seznamů editačních zásahů (EDL) umožňuje automaticky vynechat nebo vypnout |
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729 zvuk v částech videa při přehrávání, což je zajišťováno pro každý film zvláštním |
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730 EDL konfiguračním souborem. |
| 14351 | 731 </para> |
| 732 | |
| 733 <para> | |
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734 Toho se dá využít pro ty, kdo chtějí sledovat film v "rodinném" režimu. |
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735 Můžete vystříhat veškeré násilí, nechutnosti, Jar-Jar Binkse .. z filmu |
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736 podle svých vlastních osobních preferencí. Mimoto jsou zde i jiná využití, |
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737 jako je automatické vystřihávání reklam z videa které sleduješ. |
| 14351 | 738 </para> |
| 739 | |
| 740 <para> | |
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741 Formát EDL souboru je poměrně kostrbatý. Každý příkaz je na samostatném |
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742 řádku a označuje co dělat (vystřihnout/ztišit) a kdy to dělat |
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743 (pomocí ukazatelů v sekundách). |
| 14351 | 744 </para> |
| 745 | |
| 23364 | 746 <!-- ********** --> |
| 747 | |
| 14351 | 748 <sect2 id="edl_using"> |
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749 <title>Použití EDL souboru</title> |
| 23364 | 750 |
| 14351 | 751 <para> |
|
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752 Vložte volbu <option>-edl <soubor></option> při spouštění |
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753 <application>MPlayer</application>, se jménem EDL souboru, který chcete použít |
| 14351 | 754 na video. |
| 755 </para> | |
| 756 </sect2> | |
| 757 | |
| 23364 | 758 <!-- ********** --> |
| 759 | |
| 14351 | 760 <sect2 id="edl_making"> |
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761 <title>Vytvoření EDL souboru</title> |
| 23364 | 762 |
| 14351 | 763 <para> |
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764 Současný formát EDL souboru je: |
| 23364 | 765 <programlisting>[počáteční sekunda] [koncová sekunda] [akce]</programlisting> |
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766 Kde jsou sekundy desetinnými čísly a akce je buď |
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767 <literal>0</literal> pro vynechání nebo <literal>1</literal> pro vypnutí zvuku. |
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768 Příklad: |
| 14351 | 769 <programlisting> |
| 770 5.3 7.1 0 | |
| 771 15 16.7 1 | |
| 772 420 422 0 | |
| 773 </programlisting> | |
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774 To vynechá část videa mezi sekundami 5.3 a 7.1, pak vypne zvuk na |
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775 15 sekundě, zapne jej na 16.7 sekundy a vynechá část videa mezi sekundami 420 a 422. |
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776 Tyto akce budou provedeny jakmile časovač přehrávání dosáhne hodnoty zadané |
| 14351 | 777 v souboru. |
| 778 </para> | |
| 779 | |
| 780 <para> | |
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781 Pro vytvoření EDL souboru se kterým budete moci začít, použijte volbu |
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782 <option>-edlout <soubor></option>. Během přehrávání jen stiskněte |
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783 <keycap>i</keycap> pro označení začátku a konce bloku. Pro vyznačený čas |
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784 bude do souboru zapsán odpovídající záznam. Můžete se pak vrátit a doladit |
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785 vygenerovaný EDL soubor, stejně jako změnit výchozí akci, což je vystřižení |
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786 vyznačených bloků. |
| 14351 | 787 </para> |
| 788 </sect2> | |
| 23364 | 789 </sect1> |
| 14351 | 790 |
| 23364 | 791 |
| 792 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
| 14351 | 793 |
| 16646 | 794 |
| 795 <sect1 id="advaudio" xreflabel="Advanced Audio"> | |
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796 <title>Pokročilé audio</title> |
| 16646 | 797 |
| 798 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround"> | |
|
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799 <title>Surround/Vícekanálové přehrávání</title> |
| 16646 | 800 |
| 801 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> | |
| 802 <title>DVD</title> | |
| 23364 | 803 |
| 16646 | 804 <para> |
|
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805 Většina DVD a mnoho jiných souborů obsahuje surround zvuk. |
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806 <application>MPlayer</application> podporuje přehrávání přehrávání surround, |
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807 ale ve výchozím nastavení jej nezapíná, jelikož stereo vybavení je mnohem |
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808 častější. Pro přehrávání souboru, který má více než dvoukanálový zvuk použijte |
| 16646 | 809 volbu <option>-channels</option>. |
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810 Například pro přehrání DVD s 5.1 zvukem: |
| 16646 | 811 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> |
|
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812 Poznamenejme, že ačkoli se jmenuje "5.1", ve skutečnosti má šest kanálů. |
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813 Pokud máte surround zvukové vybavení, můžete si přidat volbu |
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814 <option>channels</option> do svého konfiguračního souboru |
| 16646 | 815 <application>MPlayer</application>u <filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>. |
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816 Například pro použití čtyřkanálového přehrávání zvuku jako výchozí, přidejte |
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817 následující řádek: |
| 16646 | 818 <programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> |
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819 <application>MPlayer</application> pak poskytuje zvuk ve čtyřech kanálech, |
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820 pokud jsou všechny čtyři kanály k dispozici. |
| 16646 | 821 </para> |
| 822 </sect3> | |
| 823 | |
| 824 | |
| 825 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> | |
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826 <title>Přehrávání stereo souborů do čtyřech reproduktorů</title> |
| 16646 | 827 |
| 828 <para> | |
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829 <application>MPlayer</application> ve výchozím nastavení neduplikuje žádné |
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830 kanály a nedělá to ani většina audio ovladačů. Pokud to chcete udělat |
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831 ručně: |
| 16646 | 832 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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833 Vysvětlení naleznete v sekci |
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834 <link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">kopírování kanálů</link>. |
| 16646 | 835 </para> |
| 836 </sect3> | |
| 837 | |
| 838 | |
| 839 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> | |
| 24709 | 840 <title>AC–3/DTS Passthrough</title> |
| 16646 | 841 |
| 842 <para> | |
| 24709 | 843 DVD mají obvykle surround zvuk enkódovaný ve formátu AC–3 (Dolby Digital) nebo |
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844 DTS (Digital Theater System). Některá moderní zařízení jsou schopna dekódovat |
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845 tyto formáty interně. <application>MPlayer</application> lze nakonfigurovat |
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846 tak, aby přenesl zvuková data bez dekódování. To bude fungovat pouze pokud máte |
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847 S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) jack ve zvukové kartě. |
| 16646 | 848 </para> |
| 849 | |
| 850 <para> | |
| 24709 | 851 Pokud vaše zařízení umí dekódovat jak AC–3, tak DTS, můžete bezpečně zapnout |
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852 passthrough pro oba formáty. Jinak zapněte passthrough pouze pro formát, který |
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853 vaše zařízení podporuje. |
| 16646 | 854 </para> |
| 855 | |
| 856 <itemizedlist> | |
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857 <title>Zapnutí passthrough z příkazového řádku:</title> |
| 16646 | 858 <listitem><para> |
| 24709 | 859 Jen pro AC–3 použijte <option>-ac hwac3</option> |
| 16646 | 860 </para></listitem> |
| 861 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 862 Jen pro DTS použijte <option>-ac hwdts</option> |
| 16646 | 863 </para></listitem> |
| 864 <listitem><para> | |
| 24709 | 865 Pro oba (AC–3 i DTS) použijte <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
| 16646 | 866 </para></listitem> |
| 867 </itemizedlist> | |
| 868 | |
| 869 <itemizedlist> | |
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|
870 <title>Zapnutí passthrough v konfiguračním souboru |
| 23364 | 871 <application>MPlayer</application>u: </title> |
| 16646 | 872 <listitem><para> |
| 24709 | 873 Jen pro AC–3 použijte <option>ac=hwac3,</option> |
| 16646 | 874 </para></listitem> |
| 875 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 876 Jen pro DTS použijte <option>ac=hwdts,</option> |
| 16646 | 877 </para></listitem> |
| 878 <listitem><para> | |
| 24709 | 879 Pro oba (AC–3 i DTS) použijte <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
| 16646 | 880 </para></listitem> |
| 881 </itemizedlist> | |
| 882 | |
| 883 <para> | |
|
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884 Povšimněte si čárky (",") na konci |
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885 <option>ac=hwac3,</option> a <option>ac=hwdts,</option>. To umožní |
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886 <application>MPlayer</application>u použít normální kodek, když přehrávaný |
| 24709 | 887 soubor nemá AC–3 nebo DTS zvuk. Volba <option>afm=hwac3</option> nevyžaduje |
|
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888 čárku; <application>MPlayer</application> se zařídí podle potřeby automaticky, |
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889 pokud je zvolena rodina audio kodeků. |
| 16646 | 890 </para> |
| 891 </sect3> | |
| 892 | |
| 893 | |
| 894 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> | |
|
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895 <title>Maticově enkódovaný zvuk</title> |
| 16646 | 896 |
| 897 <para> | |
| 898 <emphasis>***TODO***</emphasis> | |
| 899 </para> | |
| 23364 | 900 |
| 16646 | 901 <para> |
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902 Tato sekce musí být teprve napsaná a nemůže být dokončena dokud nám někdo |
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903 nepošle vzorkové soubory pro testování. Pokud máte nějaké maticově enkódované |
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904 zvukové soubory, víte, kde je lze najít, nebo máte jakoukoli informaci, která |
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905 by mohla pomoci, pošlete prosím zprávu do konference |
| 20062 | 906 <ulink url="http://lists.mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-docs">MPlayer-DOCS</ulink>. |
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907 Do předmětu vložte "[matrix-encoded audio]". |
| 16646 | 908 </para> |
| 23364 | 909 |
| 16646 | 910 <para> |
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911 Pokud nepřijdou žádné soubory nebo informace, tato sekce bude odstraněna. |
| 16646 | 912 </para> |
| 913 | |
| 914 <para> | |
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915 Dobré odkazy: |
| 16646 | 916 <itemizedlist> |
| 917 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 918 <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> |
| 16646 | 919 </para></listitem> |
| 920 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 921 <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> |
| 16646 | 922 </para></listitem> |
| 923 </itemizedlist> | |
| 924 </para> | |
| 925 </sect3> | |
| 926 | |
| 927 | |
| 928 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> | |
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929 <title>Surround emulace ve sluchátkách</title> |
| 16646 | 930 |
| 931 <para> | |
| 932 <application>MPlayer</application> obsahuje HRTF (Head Related Transfer | |
|
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933 Function) filtr založený na |
| 16646 | 934 <ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">projektu MIT</ulink>, |
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935 kde jsou měření vzata z mikrofonů na umělé lidské hlavě. |
| 16646 | 936 </para> |
| 937 | |
| 938 <para> | |
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939 Ačkoli není možné přesně imitovat surround systém, |
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940 <application>MPlayer</application>ův HRTF filtr produkuje prostorově mnohem |
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941 prokreslenější zvuk ve 2-kanálových sluchátkách. Obvyklé míchání jednoduše |
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942 kombinuje všechny kanály do dvou; krom kombinace kanálů, <option>hrtf</option> |
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943 generuje slabá echa, poněkud zvětšuje oddělení stereo kanálů a mění hlasitost |
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944 některých kmitočtů. Jestli HRTF zní lépe může záviset na zdrojovém zvuku a |
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945 osobním vkusu, ale určitě stojí za zkoušku. |
| 16646 | 946 </para> |
| 947 | |
| 948 <para> | |
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949 Pro přehrání DVD s HRTF: |
| 16646 | 950 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> |
| 951 </para> | |
| 952 | |
| 953 <para> | |
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954 <option>hrtf</option> pracuje dobře pouze s 5 nebo 6 kanály. |
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955 <option>hrtf</option> také vyžaduje zvuk 48 kHz. DVD audio již je 48 kHz, ale |
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956 pokud máte soubor s odlišným vzorkovacím kmitočtem, který chcete přehrávat |
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957 pomocí <option>hrtf</option>, musíte jej převzorkovat: |
| 23364 | 958 <screen> |
| 959 mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf | |
| 960 </screen> | |
| 16646 | 961 </para> |
| 962 </sect3> | |
| 963 | |
| 964 | |
| 965 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> | |
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966 <title>Potíže</title> |
| 16646 | 967 |
| 968 <para> | |
|
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969 Pokud neslyšíte ze surround kanálů žádný zvuk, ověřte si nastavení směšovače |
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970 pomocí programu jako je <application>alsamixer</application>; |
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971 audio výstupy jsou často vypnuty a nastaveny na nulovou hlasitost jako výchozí. |
| 16646 | 972 </para> |
| 973 </sect3> | |
| 974 </sect2> | |
| 975 | |
| 23364 | 976 <!-- ********** --> |
| 16646 | 977 |
| 978 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels"> | |
|
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979 <title>Manipulace s kanály</title> |
| 16646 | 980 |
| 981 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-general"> | |
|
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982 <title>Obecné informace</title> |
| 16646 | 983 |
| 984 <para> | |
|
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985 Naneštěstí neexistuje standard pro řazení kanálů. Následující řazení jsou |
| 24709 | 986 používaná v AC–3 a jsou poměrně typická; zkuste je a uvidíte, zda tomu váš zdroj |
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987 odpovídá. Kanály jsou číslovány od 0. |
| 16646 | 988 |
| 989 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
| 990 <title>mono</title> | |
| 23364 | 991 <listitem override="0"><para>střed</para></listitem> |
| 16646 | 992 </orderedlist> |
| 993 | |
| 994 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
| 995 <title>stereo</title> | |
| 23364 | 996 <listitem override="0"><para>levý</para></listitem> |
| 997 <listitem><para>pravý</para></listitem> | |
| 16646 | 998 </orderedlist> |
| 999 | |
| 1000 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
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1001 <title>kvadrofonní</title> |
| 23364 | 1002 <listitem override="0"><para>levý čelní</para></listitem> |
| 1003 <listitem><para>pravý čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 1004 <listitem><para>levý zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 1005 <listitem><para>pravý zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 16646 | 1006 </orderedlist> |
| 1007 | |
| 1008 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
| 1009 <title>surround 4.0</title> | |
| 23364 | 1010 <listitem override="0"><para>levý čelní</para></listitem> |
| 1011 <listitem><para>pravý čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 1012 <listitem><para>středový zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 1013 <listitem><para>středový čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 16646 | 1014 </orderedlist> |
| 1015 | |
| 1016 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
| 1017 <title>surround 5.0</title> | |
| 23364 | 1018 <listitem override="0"><para>levý čelní</para></listitem> |
| 1019 <listitem><para>pravý čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 1020 <listitem><para>levý zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 1021 <listitem><para>pravý zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 1022 <listitem><para>středový čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 16646 | 1023 </orderedlist> |
| 1024 | |
| 1025 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
| 1026 <title>surround 5.1</title> | |
| 23364 | 1027 <listitem override="0"><para>levý čelní</para></listitem> |
| 1028 <listitem><para>pravý čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 1029 <listitem><para>levý zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 1030 <listitem><para>pravý zadní</para></listitem> | |
| 1031 <listitem><para>středový čelní</para></listitem> | |
| 1032 <listitem><para>subwoofer</para></listitem> | |
| 16646 | 1033 </orderedlist> |
| 1034 </para> | |
| 1035 | |
| 1036 <para> | |
|
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1037 Volba <option>-channels</option> se používá pro požadavek na počet kanálů z |
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1038 dekodéru zvuku. Některé audio kodeky používají počet zadaných kanálů pro |
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1039 rozhodování, zda je nutné podmixovat zdroj. Poznamenejme, že to ne vždy |
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1040 ovlivní počet výstupních kanálů. Například použití |
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1041 <option>-channels 4</option> pro přehrání stereo MP3 souboru povede ke |
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1042 2-kanálovému výstupu, jelikož MP3 kodek neprodukuje extra kanály. |
| 16646 | 1043 </para> |
| 1044 | |
| 1045 <para> | |
|
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1046 Pro vytvoření nebo odstranění kanálů slouží zvukový filtr |
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1047 <option>channels</option>, který je rovněž vhodný k ovládání počtu zvukových |
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1048 kanálů posílaných do zvukové karty. Viz následující sekce pro více informací |
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1049 o manipulacích s kanály. |
| 16646 | 1050 </para> |
| 1051 </sect3> | |
| 1052 | |
| 1053 | |
| 1054 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> | |
|
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1055 <title>Přehrávání mono na dvou reproduktorech</title> |
| 16646 | 1056 |
| 1057 <para> | |
|
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1058 Mono zní mnohem lépe, když je přehráván dvěma reproduktory – zvlášť při |
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1059 použití sluchátek. Audio soubory, které ve skutečnosti mají jeden kanál, |
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1060 jsou automaticky přehrávány dvěma reproduktory; naneštěstí je většina |
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1061 mono souborů ve skutečnosti enkódována jako stereo s jedním kanálem utlumeným. |
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1062 Nejjednodušší a nejblbuvzdornější způsob, jak přinutit oba reproduktory |
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1063 poskytovat stejný zvuk je filtr <option>extrastereo</option>: |
| 16646 | 1064 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> |
| 1065 </para> | |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 <para> | |
|
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1068 To zprůměruje oba kanály, takže budou mít poloviční hlasitost originálu. |
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1069 Další sekce přinášejí příklady dalších možností, jak to udělat bez snížení |
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1070 hlasitosti, ale ty jsou mnohem komplexnější a vyžadují odlišné volby |
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1071 v závislosti na tom, který kanál ponecháte. Pokud potřebujete jen upravit |
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1072 hlasitost, může být lehčí experimentovat s filtrem <option>volume</option> |
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1073 a najít vhodnou hodnotu. Například: |
| 23364 | 1074 <screen> |
| 1075 mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5 | |
| 1076 </screen> | |
| 16646 | 1077 </para> |
| 1078 </sect3> | |
| 1079 | |
| 1080 | |
| 1081 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> | |
|
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1082 <title>Kopírování/přesun kanálů</title> |
| 16646 | 1083 |
| 1084 <para> | |
|
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1085 Filtr <option>channels</option> umí přesunout jakýkoli nebo všechny kanály. |
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1086 Nastavení všech parametrů filtru <option>channels</option> může být |
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1087 komplikované a vyžaduje pozornost. |
| 16646 | 1088 |
| 1089 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> | |
| 1090 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1091 Rozhodněte, kolik výstupních kanálů potřebujete. To je první parametr. |
| 16646 | 1092 </para></listitem> |
| 1093 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1094 Spočítejte, kolik přesunů kanálů budete dělat. To je druhý parametr. Každý |
| 1095 kanál může být přesunut naráz do několika různých kanálů, ale pamatujte, že | |
| 1096 pokud je kanál přesunut (dokonce i jen do jednoho cíle), bude zdrojový kanál | |
| 1097 prázdný dokud do něj nepřesunete jiný kanál. Chcete-li kanál zkopírovat, | |
| 1098 aby zdroj zůstal stejný, jednoduše přesuňte kanál do obou, cíle i zdroje. | |
| 1099 Například: | |
| 16646 | 1100 <programlisting> |
| 1101 channel 2 --> channel 3 | |
| 23364 | 1102 channel 2 --> channel 2<!-- |
| 1103 --></programlisting> | |
| 16646 | 1104 </para></listitem> |
| 1105 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1106 Zapište kopie kanálů jako dvojici parametrů. Pamatujte, že první kanál je 0, |
| 1107 druhý 1 atd. Na pořadí parametrů nezáleží, pokud jsou správně sdruženy do | |
| 1108 párů <replaceable>zdroj:cíl</replaceable>. | |
| 16646 | 1109 </para></listitem> |
| 1110 </orderedlist> | |
| 1111 </para> | |
| 1112 | |
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1113 <bridgehead>Příklad: jeden kanál ve dvou reproduktorech</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1114 <para> |
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1115 Zde máte příklad jiného způsobu, jak hrát jeden kanál v obou reproduktorech. |
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1116 Pro náš účel předpokládejme, že by měl být přehráván levý kanál a zahozen pravý. |
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1117 Následujeme výše uvedený postup: |
| 16646 | 1118 <orderedlist> |
| 1119 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1120 Abychom měli výstupní kanál pro každý z obou reproduktorů, musí být první |
| 1121 parametr "2". | |
| 16646 | 1122 </para></listitem> |
| 1123 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1124 Levý kanál musí být přesunut do pravého a také sám do sebe, aby nezůstal |
| 1125 prázdný. To jsou celkem dva přesuny, takže druhý parametr bude také "2". | |
| 16646 | 1126 </para></listitem> |
| 1127 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1128 Pro přesun levého kanálu (channel 0) do pravého kanálu (channel 1) bude dvojice |
| 1129 parametrů "0:1" a "0:0" přesune levý kanál na sebe. | |
| 16646 | 1130 </para></listitem> |
| 1131 </orderedlist> | |
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1132 Vše dohromady pak dá: |
| 23364 | 1133 <screen> |
| 1134 mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0 | |
| 1135 </screen> | |
| 16646 | 1136 </para> |
| 1137 | |
| 1138 <para> | |
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1139 Výhoda tohoto postupu před <option>extrastereo</option> je v tom, že |
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1140 je hlasitost každého výstupního kanálu stejná jako hlasitost zdrojového |
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1141 kanálu. Nevýhodou je to, že parametry musí být změněny na "2:2:1:0:1:1", |
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1142 pokud je požadovaný zvuk v pravém kanálu. Také je těžší si je pamatovat |
| 16646 | 1143 a napsat. |
| 1144 </para> | |
| 1145 | |
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1146 <bridgehead>Příklad: levý kanál v obou reproduktorech – zkratka</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1147 <para> |
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1148 Ve skutečnosti je mnohem jednodušší způsob použití filtru |
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1149 <option>channels</option> pro přehrávání levého kanálu v obou reproduktorech: |
| 16646 | 1150 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> |
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1151 Druhý kanál je zahozen a bez dalších parametrů je ponechán jediný zbývající |
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1152 kanál. Ovladače zvukových karet hrají jednokanálový zvuk automaticky v obou |
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1153 reproduktorech. To pracuje pouze pokud je požadovaný levý kanál. |
| 16646 | 1154 </para> |
| 1155 | |
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1156 <bridgehead>Příklad: kopírování čelních kanálů do zadních</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1157 <para> |
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1158 Dalším běžným úkonem je duplikace čelních kanálů a jejich přehrávání v zadních |
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1159 reproduktorech kvadrofonní sestavy. |
| 16646 | 1160 <orderedlist> |
| 1161 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1162 Zde by mely být čtyři výstupní kanály. První parametr je "4". |
| 16646 | 1163 </para></listitem> |
| 1164 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1165 Oba přední kanály musí být přesunuty do odpovídajících zadních kanálů a |
| 1166 také na sebe. To jsou čtyři přesuny, takže druhý parametr bude "4". | |
| 16646 | 1167 </para></listitem> |
| 1168 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1169 Levý čelní (channel 0) přesuneme do levého zadního (channel 2): "0:2". |
| 1170 Levý čelní musíme rovněž přesunout do sama sebe: "0:0". Pravý přední (channel | |
| 1171 1) je přesunut do pravého zadního (channel 3): "1:3" a také do sebe: "1:1". | |
| 16646 | 1172 </para></listitem> |
| 1173 </orderedlist> | |
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1174 Po zkombinování všech nastavení dostaneme: |
| 23364 | 1175 <screen> |
| 1176 mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1 | |
| 1177 </screen> | |
| 16646 | 1178 </para> |
| 1179 </sect3> | |
| 1180 | |
| 1181 | |
| 1182 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> | |
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1183 <title>Mixování kanálů</title> |
| 16646 | 1184 |
| 1185 <para> | |
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1186 Filtr <option>pan</option> umí mixovat kanály podle požadavků uživatele. |
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1187 Umožňuje vše co filtr <option>channels</option> a ještě víc. Naneštěstí jsou |
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1188 jeho parametry ještě komplikovanější. |
| 16646 | 1189 <orderedlist> |
| 1190 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1191 Rozhodněte, s kolika kanály budeme pracovat. To můžete nastavit pomocí volby |
| 1192 <option>-channels</option> a/nebo <option>-af channels</option>. Později se | |
| 1193 v příkladech dozvíte, kdy použít kterou. | |
| 16646 | 1194 </para></listitem> |
| 1195 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1196 Rozhodněte, kolik kanálů propustíme do <option>pan</option> (ostatní dekódované |
| 1197 kanály jsou zahozeny). To je první parametr a také ovládá, kolik kanálů bude mít | |
| 1198 výstup. | |
| 16646 | 1199 </para></listitem> |
| 23364 | 1200 <listitem> |
| 1201 <para> | |
| 1202 Zbývající parametry nastavují, kolik z daného kanálu bude namixováno do každého | |
| 1203 dalšího kanálu. Toto je ta komplikovaná část. Pro usnadnění si rozdělte | |
| 1204 parametry do několika skupin, jednu pro každý výstupní kanál. Každý parametr | |
| 1205 uvnitř skupiny odpovídá vstupnímu kanálu. Číslo, které nastavíte bude procento | |
| 1206 vstupního kanálu, které bude namixováno do výstupního kanálu. | |
| 1207 </para> | |
| 1208 <para> | |
| 1209 <option>pan</option> akceptuje hodnoty od 0 do 512, což odpovídá 0% až 51200% | |
| 1210 původní hlasitosti. Buďte opatrní, pokud používáte hodnoty větší než 1. Nejen, | |
| 1211 že vám to dá velmi vysokou hlasitost, ale pokud překročíte dynamický rozsah | |
| 1212 své zvukové karty, můžete uslyšet rány a praskání. Pokud chcete, můžete | |
| 1213 za <option>pan</option> přidat <option>,volume</option> pro zapnutí omezení, | |
| 1214 ale i tak je nejlepší udržet hodnoty <option>pan</option> dostatečně nízko, | |
| 1215 aby omezování nebylo potřeba. | |
| 1216 </para> | |
| 1217 </listitem> | |
| 16646 | 1218 </orderedlist> |
| 1219 </para> | |
| 1220 | |
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1221 <bridgehead>Příklad: jeden kanál do dvou reproduktorů</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1222 <para> |
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1223 Zde máte další příklad pro přehrávání levého kanálu ve dvou reproduktorech. |
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1224 Následujme výše uvedené kroky: |
| 16646 | 1225 <orderedlist> |
| 1226 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1227 Na výstupu <option>pan</option> by měly být dva kanály, takže první |
| 1228 parametr je "2". | |
| 16646 | 1229 </para></listitem> |
| 1230 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1231 Jelikož máme dva vstupní kanály, budeme mít dvě sady parametrů. |
| 1232 Jelikož máme rovněž dva výstupní kanály, budeme mít dva parametry v každé | |
| 1233 sadě. Levý kanál ze souboru by měl jít s plnou hlasitostí do nového levého | |
| 1234 i pravého kanálu. | |
| 1235 Takže první sada parametrů je "1:1". | |
| 1236 Pravý kanál by měl být zahozen, takže druhá sada bude "0:0". | |
| 1237 Hodnoty 0 na konci je možné vynechat, ale pro snadnější pochopení | |
| 1238 je zde necháváme. | |
| 16646 | 1239 </para></listitem> |
| 1240 </orderedlist> | |
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1241 Dáme-li vše dohromady, dostaneme: |
| 16646 | 1242 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:1:0:0</screen> |
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1243 Pokud chceme místo levého kanálu pravý, budou parametry |
| 16646 | 1244 <option>pan</option> tyto: "2:0:0:1:1". |
| 1245 </para> | |
| 1246 | |
| 1247 | |
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1248 <bridgehead>Příklad: levý kanál ve dvou reproduktorech zkráceně</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1249 <para> |
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1250 Stejně jako s <option>channels</option> můžeme použít zkrácený zápis, který |
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1251 funguje pouze pro levý kanál: |
| 16646 | 1252 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>soubor</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> |
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1253 Jelikož má <option>pan</option> pouze jeden vstupní kanál (druhý je zahozen), |
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1254 máme pouze jednu sadu s jedním parametrem, takže tento jediný kanál dává |
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1255 100% sám ze sebe. |
| 16646 | 1256 </para> |
| 1257 | |
|
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1258 <bridgehead>Příklad: podmixování 6-kanálového PCM</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1259 <para> |
|
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1260 <application>MPlayer</application>ův dekodér 6-kanálového PCM neumí podmixování. |
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1261 Máme však možnost k tomu použít <option>pan</option>: |
| 16646 | 1262 <orderedlist> |
| 1263 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1264 Počet výstupních kanálů je 2, takže první parametr je "2". |
| 16646 | 1265 </para></listitem> |
| 1266 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1267 Při šesti vstupních kanálech budeme mít šest sad parametrů. Jelikož nás |
| 1268 však zajímá pouze výstup z prvních dvou kanálů, vystačíme s pouhými dvěma | |
| 1269 sadami; zbývající čtyři sady můžeme vynechat. Pozor na to, že ne všechny | |
| 1270 vícekanálové zvukové soubory mají stejné řazení kanálů! Tento příklad | |
| 24709 | 1271 demonstruje podmixování souboru se stejným řazením kanálů jako má AC–3 5.1: |
| 23364 | 1272 <programlisting> |
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1273 0 - levý přední |
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1274 1 - pravý přední |
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1275 2 - levý zadní |
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1276 3 - pravý zadní |
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1277 4 - středový přední |
| 23364 | 1278 5 - subwoofer<!-- |
| 1279 --></programlisting> | |
| 1280 První sada parametrů je výčtem procentních hodnot hlasitostí v daném pořadí, | |
| 1281 kterou by měl dostat každý výstupní kanál z levého předního kanálu: "1:0". | |
| 1282 Pravý přední kanál by měl jít do pravého výstupu: "0:1". | |
| 1283 Stejně tak zadní kanály: "1:0" a "0:1". | |
| 1284 Středový kanál jde do obou výstupních kanálů s poloviční hlasitostí: | |
| 1285 "0.5:0.5" a subwoofer jde do obou s plnou hlasitostí: "1:1". | |
| 16646 | 1286 </para></listitem> |
| 1287 </orderedlist> | |
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1288 Dáme-li vše dohromady, dostaneme: |
| 23364 | 1289 <screen> |
| 1290 mplayer <replaceable>6-kanálové.wav</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:0:1:1:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:1:1 | |
| 1291 </screen> | |
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1292 Uvedené procentní hodnoty jsou pouhým příkladem. Upravte si je podle vlastního |
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1293 uvážení. |
| 16646 | 1294 </para> |
| 1295 | |
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1296 <bridgehead>Příklad: Přehrávání 5.1 zvuku na velkých reprobednách bez subwooferu</bridgehead> |
| 16646 | 1297 <para> |
|
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1298 Pokud máte robustní čelní reprobedny, nemusíte utrácet za nákup subwooferu |
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|
1299 pro kompletní 5.1 zvukový systém. Použijete-li volbu |
|
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|
1300 <option>-channels 5</option> pro požadavek, aby liba52 dekódovala 5.1 zvuk |
|
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|
1301 do 5.0, bude zkrátka kanál pro subwoofer zahozen. Pokud jeho obsah chcete |
|
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|
1302 roznést do ostatních kanálů, musíte jej podmixovat ručně pomocí |
| 16646 | 1303 <option>pan</option>: |
| 1304 <orderedlist> | |
| 1305 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1306 Jelikož se <option>pan</option> potřebuje dostat ke všem šesti kanálům, nastavte |
| 1307 <option>-channels 6</option>, takže je liba52 dekóduje všechny. | |
| 16646 | 1308 </para></listitem> |
| 1309 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1310 Filtr <option>pan</option> produkuje pouze pět kanálů, takže první parametr je 5. |
| 16646 | 1311 </para></listitem> |
| 1312 <listitem><para> | |
| 23364 | 1313 Šest vstupních a pět výstupních kanálů znamená šest sad po pěti parametrech. |
| 16646 | 1314 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
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|
1315 <listitem><para> |
| 23364 | 1316 Levý přední kanál půjde jen sám do sebe: |
| 1317 "1:0:0:0:0" | |
|
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|
1318 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1319 <listitem><para> |
| 23364 | 1320 Stejně tak pravý přední kanál: |
| 1321 "0:1:0:0:0" | |
|
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|
1322 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1323 <listitem><para> |
| 23364 | 1324 Taktéž levý zadní kanál: |
| 1325 "0:0:1:0:0" | |
|
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|
1326 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1327 <listitem><para> |
| 23364 | 1328 Rovněž pravý zadní kanál: |
| 1329 "0:0:0:1:0" | |
|
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|
1330 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1331 <listitem><para> |
| 23364 | 1332 Středový kanál jakbysmet: |
| 1333 "0:0:0:0:1" | |
|
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|
1334 </para></listitem> |
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|
1335 <listitem><para> |
| 23364 | 1336 A nyní se musíme rozhodnout, co uděláme se subwooferem, |
| 1337 například půlku do předního levého a půlku do předního pravého: | |
| 1338 "0.5:0.5:0:0:0" | |
|
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|
1339 </para></listitem> |
| 16646 | 1340 </itemizedlist> |
| 1341 </para></listitem> | |
| 1342 </orderedlist> | |
| 1343 Zkombinujeme-li to dohromady, dostaneme: | |
| 23364 | 1344 <screen> |
| 1345 mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=5:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:0:0:0 | |
| 1346 </screen> | |
| 16646 | 1347 </para> |
| 1348 </sect3> | |
| 1349 </sect2> | |
| 1350 | |
| 23364 | 1351 <!-- ********** --> |
| 16646 | 1352 |
| 1353 <sect2 id="advaudio-volume"> | |
|
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1354 <title>Softwarové nastavení hlasitosti</title> |
| 16646 | 1355 |
| 1356 <para> | |
|
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1357 Některé zvukové stopy jsou příliš tiché na to, aby mohly být pohodlně |
|
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|
1358 poslouchány bez zesílení. To je problém, pokud váš zvukový systém neumožňuje |
|
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1359 potřebné zesílení. Volba <option>-softvol</option> poručí |
|
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|
1360 <application>MPlayer</application>u použití vestavěného směšovače. Pak můžete |
|
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1361 použít klávesy pro nastavení hlasitosti (výchozí <keycap>9</keycap> a |
|
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|
1362 <keycap>0</keycap>) pro dosažení mnohem vyšších úrovní hlasitosti. |
|
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1363 Takto neobejdete směšovač vaší zvukové karty; <application>MPlayer</application> |
|
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1364 pouze zesílí signál před jeho odesláním do zvukové karty. |
|
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1365 Následující příklad je dobrým startem: |
| 23364 | 1366 <screen> |
| 1367 mplayer <replaceable>tichý-soubor</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300 | |
| 1368 </screen> | |
|
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1369 Volba <option>-softvol-max</option> nastavuje maximální povolenou výstupní |
|
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1370 hlasitost v procentech původní hlasitosti. Například, |
|
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|
1371 <option>-softvol-max 200</option> umožní nastavit hlasitost až na dvojnásobek |
|
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|
1372 původní úrovně. |
|
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|
1373 Je bezpečné nastavit vysoké hodnoty volbou |
|
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1374 <option>-softvol-max</option>; vyšší hlasitost se nepoužije, dokud nepoužijete |
|
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1375 tlačítka nastavení hlasitosti. Jedinou nevýhodou velkých hodnot je to, že |
|
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1376 jelikož <application>MPlayer</application> nastavuje hlasitost o podíl |
|
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1377 z maximální hlasitosti, nebudete mít tak jemný krok nastavení pomocí tlačítek. |
|
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1378 Pokud potřebujete přesnější nastavování, použijte nižší hodnotu pro |
| 16646 | 1379 <option>-softvol-max</option> a/nebo nastavte |
| 1380 <option>-volstep 1</option>. | |
| 1381 </para> | |
| 1382 | |
| 1383 <para> | |
|
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1384 Volba <option>-softvol</option> pracuje tak, že ovládá zvukový filtr |
|
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|
1385 <option>volume</option>. Chcete-li přehrávat soubor od začátku při určité |
|
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|
1386 hlasitosti, můžete nastavit <option>volume</option> ručně: |
|
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1387 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>tichý-soubor</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> |
|
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1388 Takto přehrajete soubor se ziskem 10 decibelů. Při použití filtru |
|
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1389 <option>volume</option> buďte velmi opatrní. Pokud použijete příliš vysokou |
|
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1390 hodnotu, můžete si poškodit sluch. Začněte s nízkou hodnotou a postupně |
|
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1391 zvyšujte, až docílíte požadované hlasitosti. Při nastavení příliš vysokých |
|
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1392 hodnot také hrozí, že <option>volume</option> bude nucen ořezat signál, aby |
|
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1393 předešel odeslání dat mimo dovolený rozsah do zvukové karty; to povede ke |
|
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|
1394 zkreslení signálu. |
| 16646 | 1395 </para> |
| 1396 </sect2> | |
| 1397 </sect1> | |
|
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|
1398 |
| 31899 | 1399 |
| 1400 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
| 1401 | |
| 1402 | |
|
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1403 <sect1 id="tv-input" xreflabel="TV vstup"> |
|
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1404 <title>TV vstup</title> |
|
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1405 |
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|
1406 <para> |
|
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1407 Tato sekce je zaměřena na zpřístupnění |
|
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1408 <emphasis role="bold">sledování/grabování z V4L kompatibilního TV tuneru |
|
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1409 </emphasis>. Popis voleb k TV a ovládání z klávesnice naleznete v man |
|
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|
1410 stránce. |
|
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|
1411 </para> |
|
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1412 |
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|
1413 <!-- ********** --> |
|
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1414 |
|
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|
1415 <sect2 id="tv-compilation"> |
|
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|
1416 <title>Kompilace</title> |
|
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1417 |
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|
1418 <procedure> |
|
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1419 <step><para> |
|
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1420 Zaprvé musíte rekompilovat. <filename>./configure</filename> zdetekuje |
|
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1421 v4l hlavičkové soubory kernelu a existenci zařízení |
|
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|
1422 <filename>/dev/video*</filename>. Pokud existují, bude zabudována |
|
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1423 podpora pro TV (viz výstup z <filename>./configure</filename>). |
|
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|
1424 </para></step> |
|
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1425 <step><para> |
|
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|
1426 Ujistěte se, že váš tuner pracuje s jiným Linuxovým TV softwarem, |
|
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1427 například <application>XawTV</application>. |
|
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|
1428 </para></step> |
|
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1429 </procedure> |
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1430 </sect2> |
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1431 |
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|
1432 <!-- ********** --> |
|
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1433 |
|
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|
1434 <sect2 id="tv-tips"> |
|
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1435 <title>Tipy pro používání</title> |
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1436 |
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1437 <para> |
|
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1438 Úplný seznam voleb je dostupný v manuálové stránce. |
|
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1439 Zde je jen několik typů: |
|
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1440 |
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1441 <itemizedlist> |
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1442 <listitem><para> |
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1443 Použijte volbu <option>channels</option>. Příklad: |
|
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1444 <screen>-tv channels=26-MTV1,23-TV2</screen> |
|
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1445 Vysvětlení: Při použití této volby budou použitelné pouze kanály 26 a 23 a |
|
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1446 budete také mít krásný OSD text po přepnutí kanálů, zobrazující jméno |
|
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1447 kanálu. Mezery ve jméně kanálu musí být nahrazeny znakem |
|
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1448 "_". |
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1449 </para></listitem> |
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1450 <listitem><para> |
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1451 Zvolte rozumné rozměry obrazu. Rozměry výsledného obrazu by měly být |
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1452 bezezbytku dělitelné 16. |
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1453 </para></listitem> |
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1454 <listitem> |
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1455 <para> |
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1456 Pokud zachytáváte video se svislým rozlišením vyšším než polovina plného |
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1457 rozlišení (čili 288 pro PAL nebo 240 pro NTSC), pak 'snímky', které dostanete, |
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1458 budou ve skutečnosti prokládané páry půlsnímků. |
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1459 V závislosti na tom, co chcete s videem dělat, je můžete nechat jak jsou, |
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1460 destruktivně odstranit proklad, nebo rozdělit páry do individuálních políček. |
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1461 </para> |
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1462 <para> |
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1463 Jinak bude získaný snímek roztřepený |
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1464 během rychlých scén a regulátor datového toku nebude pravděpodobně schopen |
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1465 ani udržet nastavený datový tok, vzhledem k tomu, že prokladové artefakty |
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1466 produkují velké množství detailů, což spotřebovává velké přenosové pásmo. |
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1467 Odstraňování prokladu můžete zapnout pomocí volby |
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1468 <option>-vf pp=DEINT_TYPE</option>. Dobrou práci obvykle odvede |
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1469 <option>pp=lb</option>, ale záleží na osobních preferencích. Prostudujte si |
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1470 ostatní možnosti odstraňování prokladu v manuálu a vyzkoušejte je. |
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1471 </para> |
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1472 </listitem> |
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1473 |
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1474 <listitem><para> |
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1475 Odstřihněte mrtvý prostor. Když zachytáváte video, oblasti na okrajích jsou |
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1476 obvykle černé, nebo obsahují nějaký šum. Což opět zbytečně spotřebovává |
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1477 přenosové pásmo. Přesněji to nejsou samotné černé oblasti, ale ostrý přechod |
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1478 mezi černou a světlejším videem, ale to teď není důležité. |
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1479 Než začnete zachytávat, nastavte parametry volby <option>crop</option> tak, |
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1480 aby byl veškerý binec na okrajích odstřižen. Opět se snažte zachovat rozumné |
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1481 rozměry výsledného obrazu. |
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1482 </para></listitem> |
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1483 <listitem><para> |
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1484 Sledujte zatížení CPU. Většinu času by nemělo překročit hranici 90%. Pokud |
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1485 máte velkou vyrovnávací paměť pro zachytávání, dokáže |
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1486 <application>MEncoder</application> přežít několikasekundové přetížení, ale |
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1487 nic víc. Raději vypněte 3D OpenGL spořiče obrazovky a podobné věci. |
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1488 </para></listitem> |
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1489 <listitem><para> |
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1490 Nehrajte si se systémovými hodinami. <application>MEncoder</application> |
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1491 používá systémové hodiny pro A/V synchronizaci. Pokud přestavíte systémové |
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1492 hodiny (zvlášť nazpět), <application>MEncoder</application> bude zmaten a |
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1493 vy přijdete o snímky. To je velmi důležité pokud jste připojeni k síti a |
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1494 používáte nějaký časový synchronizační software jako je NTP. Musíte vypnout |
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1495 NTP během zachytávání, pokud chcete spolehlivě zachytávat. |
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1496 </para></listitem> |
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1497 <listitem><para> |
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1498 Neměňte <option>outfmt</option> pokud nevíte co děláte, nebo vaše |
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1499 karta/ovladač opravdu nepodporuje výchozí (YV12 barevný prostor). |
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1500 Ve starší verzi <application>MPlayer</application>u/ |
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1501 <application>MEncoder</application>u bylo nutné nastavit výstupní formát. |
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1502 Tento problém by měl být v současných verzích vyřešen, |
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1503 <option>outfmt</option> již není nadále potřeba a výchozí hodnoty vyhovují |
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1504 pro většinu případů. Například pokud zachytáváte do DivX pomocí |
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1505 <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem>u a uvedete |
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1506 <option>outfmt=RGB24</option> pro zvýšení kvality zachytávaných snímků, |
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1507 stejně budou tyto snímky později konvertovány zpět na YV12, takže jediné co |
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1508 tím získáte je spousta vyplýtvaného výkonu CPU. |
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1509 </para></listitem> |
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1510 <listitem><para> |
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1511 Chcete-li nastavit barevný prostor I420 (<option>outfmt=i420</option>), |
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1512 musíte přidat i volbu <option>-vc rawi420</option> kvůli konfliktu fourcc |
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1513 Intel Indeo video kodekem. |
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1514 </para></listitem> |
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1515 <listitem><para> |
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1516 Existuje několik cest, jak zachytávat zvuk. Můžete nahrát zvuk buď pomocí |
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1517 zvukové karty pomocí externího propojení mezi video kartou a linkovým |
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1518 vstupem, nebo použitím vestavěného ADC v čipu bt878. Ve druhém případě |
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1519 musíte načíst ovladač <emphasis role="bold">btaudio</emphasis>. Přečtěte si |
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1520 soubor <filename>linux/Documentation/sound/btaudio</filename> (ve zdrojácích |
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1521 kernelu, nikoli <application>MPlayer</application>u) pro několik instrukcí |
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1522 jak použít tento ovladač. |
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1523 </para></listitem> |
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1524 <listitem><para> |
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1525 Pokud <application>MEncoder</application> nedokáže otevřít audio zařízení, |
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1526 ujistěte se, že je opravdu k dispozici. Můžete mít potíže se zvukovými |
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1527 servery jako aRts (KDE) nebo ESD (GNOME). Pokud máte plně duplexní zvukovou |
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1528 kartu (téměř každá slušná karta to již podporuje) a používáte KDE, zkuste |
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1529 zaškrtnout volbu "full duplex" v menu nastavení zvukového serveru. |
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1530 </para></listitem> |
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1531 </itemizedlist> |
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1532 </para> |
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1533 </sect2> |
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1534 |
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1535 <!-- ********** --> |
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1536 |
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1537 <sect2 id="tv-examples"> |
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1538 <title>Příklady</title> |
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1539 |
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1540 <informalexample><para> |
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1541 Modelový výstup do AAlib :) |
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1542 <screen>mplayer -tv driver=dummy:width=640:height=480 -vo aa tv://</screen> |
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1543 </para></informalexample> |
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1544 |
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1545 <informalexample><para> |
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1546 Vstup ze standardního V4L: |
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1547 <screen> |
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1548 mplayer -tv driver=v4l:width=640:height=480:outfmt=i420 -vc rawi420 -vo xv tv:// |
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1549 </screen> |
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1550 </para></informalexample> |
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1551 |
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1552 <informalexample><para> |
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1553 Mnohem sofistikovanější příklad. Zde <application>MEncoder</application> |
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1554 zachytává obraz v plném PALu, ořízne okraje a odstraní proklad obrazu pomocí |
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1555 lineárního směšovacího algoritmu. Zvuk je komprimován konstantním datovým |
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1556 tokem 64kbps LAME kodekem. Toto nastavení je vhodné pro zachytávání filmů. |
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1557 <screen> |
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1558 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=64\ |
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1559 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=900 \ |
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1560 -vf crop=720:544:24:16,pp=lb -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable> tv:// |
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1561 </screen> |
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1562 </para></informalexample> |
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1563 |
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1564 <informalexample><para> |
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1565 Toto navíc přeškáluje video na 384x288 a zkomprimuje jej s datovým tokem |
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1566 350kbps v režimu vysoké kvality. Volba vqmax uvolňuje kvantizer a umožní |
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1567 video kompresoru podržet takto nízký datový tok i za cenu snížení kvality. |
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1568 To lze použít pro záznam dlouhých TV seriálů, kde kvalita obrazu není až |
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1569 tolik důležitá. |
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1570 <screen> |
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1571 mencoder -tv driver=v4l:width=768:height=576 \ |
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1572 -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg4:vbitrate=350:vhq:vqmax=31:keyint=300 \ |
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1573 -oac mp3lame -lameopts cbr:br=48 -sws 1 -o <replaceable>výstup.avi</replaceable>\ |
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1574 -vf crop=720:540:24:18,pp=lb,scale=384:288 tv:// |
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1575 </screen> |
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1576 Rovněž můžete nastavit menší rozměry obrazu ve volbě |
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1577 <option>-tv</option> a vyhnout se tak softwarovému škálování, ale tento přístup |
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1578 vyžaduje maximální množství informací a je trochu odolnější proti šumu. |
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1579 Čipy bt8x8 umí průměrování pixelů pouze ve svislém směru díky |
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1580 hardwarovým omezením. |
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1581 </para></informalexample> |
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1582 </sect2> |
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1583 </sect1> |
| 31899 | 1584 |
| 1585 | |
| 1586 <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> | |
| 1587 | |
| 1588 | |
| 1589 <sect1 id="radio"> | |
| 1590 <title>Rádio</title> | |
| 1591 | |
| 1592 <sect2 id="radio-input" xreflabel="Radio input"> | |
| 1593 <title>Rádio vstup</title> | |
| 1594 | |
| 1595 <para> | |
| 1596 Tato sekce se zabývá tím, jak zprovoznit poslech rozhlasu | |
| 1597 z V4L-kompatibilního rozhlasového tuneru. | |
| 1598 Popis voleb a ovládání z klávesnice naleznete v man stránce. | |
| 1599 </para> | |
| 1600 | |
| 1601 <!-- ********** --> | |
| 1602 | |
| 1603 <sect3 id="radio-compilation"> | |
| 1604 <title>Kompilace</title> | |
| 1605 | |
| 1606 <procedure> | |
| 1607 <step><para> | |
| 1608 Nejprve musíte znovupřeložit <application>MPlayer</application> pomocí | |
| 1609 <filename>./configure</filename> s <option>--enable-radio</option> a | |
| 1610 (pokud chcete i nahrávat) <option>--enable-radio-capture</option>. | |
| 1611 </para></step> | |
| 1612 <step><para> | |
| 1613 Ujistěte se, že váš tuner pracuje s jiným softwarem v Linuxu, například | |
| 1614 <application>XawTV</application>. | |
| 1615 </para></step> | |
| 1616 </procedure> | |
| 1617 </sect3> | |
| 1618 | |
| 1619 <!-- ********** --> | |
| 1620 | |
| 1621 <sect3 id="radio-tips"> | |
| 1622 <title>Uživatelské tipy</title> | |
| 1623 | |
| 1624 <para> | |
| 1625 Plný výčet voleb je v manuálové stránce. | |
| 1626 Zde uvádíme jen několik tipů: | |
| 1627 <itemizedlist> | |
| 1628 <listitem><para> | |
| 1629 Použití volby <option>channels</option>. Příklad: | |
| 1630 <screen>-radio channels=104.4-Sibir,103.9-Maximum</screen> | |
| 1631 Vysvětlení: Pomocí této volby budou k dispozici pouze stanice 104.4 | |
| 1632 a 103.9. Budete mít krásný OSD text během přepínání kanálů, | |
| 1633 který zobrazí jméno kanálu. Mezery v názvech kanálů musí být | |
| 1634 nahrazeny znakem "_". | |
| 1635 </para></listitem> | |
| 1636 <listitem><para> | |
| 1637 Je mnoho způsobů, jak zachytávat (nahrávat) zvuk. Můžete buď zachytávat pomocí | |
| 1638 vstupu line-in zvukové karty propojeného vnější linkou s videokartou, | |
| 1639 nebo použitím vestavěného ADC v čipu saa7134. V druhém případě musíte | |
| 1640 zavést ovladač <systemitem>saa7134-alsa</systemitem> nebo | |
| 1641 <systemitem>saa7134-oss</systemitem>. | |
| 1642 </para></listitem> | |
| 1643 <listitem><para> | |
| 1644 <application>MEncoder</application> nelze použít pro zachytávání zvuku, jelikož | |
| 1645 vyžaduje videoproud, aby fungoval. Takže buď použijete | |
| 1646 <application>arecord</application> z projektu ALSA, nebo | |
| 1647 volbu <option>-ao pcm:file=file.wav</option>. V druhém případě neuslyšíte nic | |
| 1648 (pokud ovšem nemáte propojku s line-in a vypnuté mute na kanále line-in). | |
| 1649 </para></listitem> | |
| 1650 </itemizedlist> | |
| 1651 </para> | |
| 1652 </sect3> | |
| 1653 | |
| 1654 <!-- ********** --> | |
| 1655 | |
| 1656 <sect3 id="radio-examples"> | |
| 1657 <title>Příklady</title> | |
| 1658 | |
| 1659 <informalexample><para> | |
| 1660 Vstup ze standardního V4L (pomocí line-in kablu, zachytávání vypnuto): | |
| 1661 <screen>mplayer radio://104.4</screen> | |
| 1662 </para></informalexample> | |
| 1663 | |
| 1664 <informalexample><para> | |
| 1665 Vstup ze standardního V4L (pomocí line-in kablu, zachytávání vypnuto, | |
| 1666 rozhraní V4Lv1): | |
| 1667 <screen>mplayer -radio driver=v4l radio://104.4</screen> | |
| 1668 </para></informalexample> | |
| 1669 | |
| 1670 <informalexample><para> | |
| 1671 Přehrávání druhé stanice ze seznamu: | |
| 1672 <screen>mplayer -radio channels=104.4=Sibir,103.9=Maximm radio://2</screen> | |
| 1673 </para></informalexample> | |
| 1674 | |
| 1675 <informalexample><para> | |
| 1676 Průchod zvuku přes PCI sběrnici z interního ADC rádio karty. | |
| 1677 V tomto příkladu se tuner používá jako druhá zvuková karta | |
| 1678 (ALSA zařízení hw:1,0). Pro zařízení založené na saa7134 musí | |
| 1679 být zaveden buď modul <systemitem>saa7134-alsa</systemitem> nebo | |
| 1680 modul <systemitem>saa7134-oss</systemitem>. | |
| 1681 <screen> | |
| 1682 mplayer -rawaudio rate=32000 radio://2/capture \ | |
| 1683 -radio adevice=hw=1.0:arate=32000:channels=104.4=Sibir,103.9=Maximm | |
| 1684 </screen> | |
| 1685 <note><para> | |
| 1686 Když používáte názvy zařízení ALSA, dvojtečky musí být | |
| 1687 nahrazeny znaky rovnáse, čárky tečkami. | |
| 1688 </para></note> | |
| 1689 </para> | |
| 1690 </informalexample> | |
| 1691 </sect3> | |
| 1692 </sect2> | |
| 1693 | |
| 1694 </sect1> | |
| 14351 | 1695 </chapter> |
