Mercurial > mplayer.hg
annotate DOCS/xml/pl/usage.xml @ 20423:a5ae4d97de7f
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| author | torinthiel |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 24 Oct 2006 21:09:14 +0000 |
| parents | 94dd11eb4dd9 |
| children | 399f872bc910 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 11176 | 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-2"?> |
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2 <!-- synced with r18964 --> |
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3 <!-- Opiekun: emdej --> |
| 11176 | 4 <chapter id="usage"> |
| 5 <title>Sposób użycia</title> | |
| 6 | |
| 7 <sect1 id="commandline"> | |
| 15087 | 8 <title>Wiersz poleceń</title> |
| 11176 | 9 |
| 10 <para> | |
| 11543 | 11 <application>MPlayer</application> używa skomplikowanego drzewa odtwarzania. |
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12 Składa się ono z opcji globalnych podanych na początku, na przykład: |
| 11176 | 13 |
| 14 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5</screen> | |
| 15 | |
| 16 i opcji podanych po nazwach plików, które stosują się jedynie do podanego | |
| 17 pliku/URLa/czegokolwiek, na przykład: | |
| 18 | |
| 11739 | 19 <screen>mplayer -vfm 5 <replaceable>film1.avi</replaceable> <replaceable>film2.avi</replaceable> -vfm 4</screen> |
| 11176 | 20 </para> |
| 21 | |
| 22 <para> | |
| 23 Możesz pogrupować nazwy plików/URLe za pomocą <literal>{</literal> oraz | |
| 24 <literal>}</literal>. Przydaje się to przy opcji <option>-loop</option>: | |
| 25 | |
| 26 <screen>mplayer { 1.avi -loop 2 2.avi } -loop 3</screen> | |
| 27 | |
| 28 Powyższe polecenie odtworzy pliki w kolejności: 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2. | |
| 29 </para> | |
| 30 | |
| 31 <para> | |
| 32 Odtwarzanie pliku: | |
| 33 <synopsis> | |
| 34 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
| 35 --> [<replaceable>opcje</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 36 --> [<replaceable>ścieżka</replaceable>/]<replaceable>nazwa_pliku</replaceable> | |
| 37 </synopsis> | |
| 38 </para> | |
| 39 | |
| 40 <para> | |
| 16055 | 41 Kolejny sposób na odtworzenie pliku: |
| 42 <synopsis> | |
| 43 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
| 44 --> [<replaceable>opcje</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 45 --> <replaceable>file:///zakodowana-ścieżka-uri</replaceable> | |
| 46 </synopsis> | |
| 47 </para> | |
| 48 | |
| 49 <para> | |
| 11176 | 50 Odtwarzanie większej ilości plików: |
| 51 <synopsis> | |
| 52 <command>mplayer</command><!-- | |
| 53 --> [<replaceable>opcje domyślne</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 54 --> [<replaceable>ścieżka</replaceable>/]<replaceable>nazwa_pliku1</replaceable><!-- | |
| 55 --> [<replaceable>opcje dla nazwa_pliku1</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 56 --> <replaceable>nazwa_pliku2</replaceable><!-- | |
| 57 --> [<replaceable>opcje dla nazwa_pliku2</replaceable>] ... | |
| 58 </synopsis> | |
| 59 </para> | |
| 60 | |
| 61 <para> | |
| 62 Odtwarzanie VCD: | |
| 63 <synopsis> | |
| 64 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>opcje</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 65 --> vcd://<replaceable>numer_ścieżki</replaceable><!-- | |
| 66 --> [-cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/cdrom</replaceable>] | |
| 67 </synopsis> | |
| 68 </para> | |
| 69 | |
| 70 <para> | |
| 71 Odtwarzanie DVD: | |
| 72 <synopsis> | |
| 11718 | 73 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>opcje</replaceable>]<!-- |
| 11176 | 74 --> dvd://<replaceable>numer_tytułu</replaceable><!-- |
| 75 --> [-dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/dvd</replaceable>] | |
| 76 </synopsis> | |
| 77 </para> | |
| 78 | |
| 79 <para> | |
| 80 Odtwarzanie z WWW: | |
| 81 <synopsis> | |
| 82 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>opcje</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 83 --> http://<replaceable>strona.com/plik.asf</replaceable> | |
| 84 </synopsis> | |
| 85 (można użyć również playlist) | |
| 86 </para> | |
| 87 | |
| 88 <para> | |
| 89 Odtwarzanie z RTSP: | |
| 90 <synopsis> | |
| 91 <command>mplayer</command> [<replaceable>opcje</replaceable>]<!-- | |
| 92 --> rtsp://<replaceable>serwer.przyklad.com/nazwa_strumienia</replaceable> | |
| 93 </synopsis> | |
| 94 </para> | |
| 95 | |
| 96 <para> | |
| 97 Przykłady: | |
| 98 <screen> | |
| 11718 | 99 mplayer -vo x11 <replaceable>/mnt/Films/Contact/contact2.mpg</replaceable> |
| 12950 | 100 mplayer vcd://<replaceable>2</replaceable> -cdrom-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> |
| 11718 | 101 mplayer -afm 3 <replaceable>/mnt/DVDtrailers/alien4.vob</replaceable> |
| 102 mplayer dvd://<replaceable>1</replaceable> -dvd-device <replaceable>/dev/hdc</replaceable> | |
| 103 mplayer -abs 65536 -delay -0.4 -nobps <replaceable>~/movies/test.avi</replaceable><!-- | |
| 11176 | 104 --></screen> |
| 105 </para> | |
| 106 </sect1> | |
| 107 | |
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108 <sect1 id="subosd"> |
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109 <title>Napisy i OSD</title> |
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110 |
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111 <para> |
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112 <application>MPlayer</application> może wyświetlać napisy podczas odtwarzania |
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113 filmu. Obecnie obsługiwane są następujące formaty: |
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114 <itemizedlist> |
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115 <listitem><para>VOBsub</para></listitem> |
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116 <listitem><para>OGM</para></listitem> |
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117 <listitem><para>CC (closed caption)</para></listitem> |
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118 <listitem><para>MicroDVD</para></listitem> |
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119 <listitem><para>SubRip</para></listitem> |
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120 <listitem><para>SubViewer</para></listitem> |
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121 <listitem><para>Sami</para></listitem> |
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122 <listitem><para>VPlayer</para></listitem> |
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123 <listitem><para>RT</para></listitem> |
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124 <listitem><para>SSA</para></listitem> |
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125 <listitem><para>PJS (Phoenix Japanimation Society)</para></listitem> |
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126 <listitem><para><link linkend="mpsub">MPsub</link></para></listitem> |
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127 <listitem><para>AQTitle</para></listitem> |
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128 <listitem><para><ulink url="http://unicorn.us.com/jacosub/">JACOsub</ulink></para></listitem> |
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129 </itemizedlist> |
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130 </para> |
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131 |
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132 <para> |
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133 <application>MPlayer</application> może zrzucić wyżej wymienione formaty napisów |
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134 (<emphasis role="bold">poza pierwszymi trzema</emphasis>) do następujących formatów, |
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135 jeśli podasz odpowiednią opcję: |
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136 <itemizedlist> |
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137 <listitem><para>MPsub: <option>-dumpmpsub</option></para></listitem> |
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138 <listitem><para>SubRip: <option>-dumpsrtsub</option></para></listitem> |
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139 <listitem><para>MicroDVD: <option>-dumpmicrodvdsub</option></para></listitem> |
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140 <listitem><para>JACOsub: <option>-dumpjacosub</option></para></listitem> |
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141 <listitem><para>Sami: <option>-dumpsami</option></para></listitem> |
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142 </itemizedlist> |
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143 </para> |
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144 |
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145 <para> |
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146 <application>MEncoder</application> może zrzucić napisy DVD do formatu |
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147 <link linkend="menc-feat-extractsub">VOBsub</link>. |
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148 </para> |
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149 |
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150 <para> |
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151 Opcje dla wiersza poleceń różnią się nieco dla poszczególnych formatów: |
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152 </para> |
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153 |
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154 <formalpara> |
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155 <title>Format VOBsub</title> |
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156 <para> |
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157 Napisy VOBsub składają się z dużego (kilkumegabajtowego) pliku <filename>.SUB</filename> |
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158 i opcjonalnych plików <filename>.IDX</filename> i/lub <filename>.IFO</filename>. |
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159 Jeżeli masz takie pliki, jak |
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160 <filename><replaceable>przykład.sub</replaceable></filename>, |
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161 <filename><replaceable>przykład.ifo</replaceable></filename> (opcjonalne), |
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162 <filename><replaceable>przykład.idx</replaceable></filename> - |
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163 musisz przekazać <application>MPlayerowi</application> opcje |
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164 <option>-vobsub przykład [-vobsubid <replaceable>id</replaceable>]</option> |
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165 (pełna ścieżka jest opcjonalna). Parametr <option>-vobsubid</option> jest, jak |
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166 <option>-sid</option> dla DVD - przy jego pomocy możesz wybierać pomiędzy ścieżkami napisów |
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167 (różne języki). Jeżeli opcja <option>-vobsubid</option> jest pominięta, |
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168 <application>MPlayer</application> spróbuje użyć języka podanego przez parametr |
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169 <option>-slang</option> i powróci do <systemitem>langidx</systemitem> |
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170 zawartego w pliku<filename>.IDX</filename>, żeby ustawić język napisów. Jeżeli to |
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171 zakończy się niepowodzeniem, napisy nie będą wyświetlane. |
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172 </para> |
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173 </formalpara> |
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174 |
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175 <formalpara> |
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176 <title>Inne formaty napisów</title> |
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177 <para> |
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178 Inne formaty składają się z pojedynczego pliku tekstowego zawierającego przedział |
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179 czasowy, rozmieszczenie i sam tekst. Sposób użycia: Jeżeli masz taki plik, jak |
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180 <filename><replaceable>przykład.txt</replaceable></filename>, |
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181 musisz przekazać opcję <option>-sub |
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182 <replaceable>przykład.txt</replaceable></option> (pełna ścieżka jest opcjonalna). |
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183 </para> |
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184 </formalpara> |
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185 |
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186 <variablelist> |
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187 <title>Dopasowywanie czasu wyświetlania i położenia napisów:</title> |
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188 <varlistentry> |
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189 <term><option>-subdelay <replaceable>sek</replaceable></option></term> |
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190 <listitem><simpara> |
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191 Opóźnia wyświetlanie napisów o <option><replaceable>sek</replaceable></option> sekund. |
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192 Może być liczbą ujemną. Wartość jest dodawana do licznika czasu filmu. |
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193 </simpara></listitem> |
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194 </varlistentry> |
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195 <varlistentry> |
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196 <term><option>-subfps <replaceable>ILOŚĆ</replaceable></option></term> |
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197 <listitem><simpara> |
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198 Określa ilość klatek na sekundę pliku z napisami (liczba rzeczywista). |
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199 </simpara></listitem> |
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200 </varlistentry> |
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201 <varlistentry> |
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202 <term><option>-subpos <replaceable>0-100</replaceable></option></term> |
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203 <listitem><simpara> |
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204 Określa położenie napisów. |
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205 </simpara></listitem> |
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206 </varlistentry> |
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207 </variablelist> |
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208 |
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209 <para> |
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210 Jeżeli podczas używania napisów w formacie MicroDVD zauważysz rosnące opóźnienie |
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211 między nimi a filmem, to prawdopodobnie ilość klatek na sekundę filmu różni się |
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212 od wartości, do której zostały przystosowane napisy. |
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213 Zauważ, że format ten korzysta z bezwzględnych numerów klatek do wyświetlania |
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214 napisów w odpowiednim momencie, ale nie zawiera w sobie informacji o wartości fps, |
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215 dlatego powinieneś skorzystać z opcji <option>-subfps</option>. |
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216 Jeżeli chciałbyś trwale rozwiązać ten problem, musisz ręcznie zmienić |
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217 wartość framerate pliku z napisami. |
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218 <application>MPlayer</application> może zrobić to za ciebie: |
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219 |
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220 <screen>mplayer -dumpmicrodvdsub -fps <replaceable>fps_napisów</replaceable> -subfps <replaceable>fps_filmu</replaceable> -sub <replaceable>zbiór_z_napisami</replaceable> <replaceable>atrapa.avi</replaceable></screen> |
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221 </para> |
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222 |
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223 <para> |
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224 O napisach DVD przeczytasz w rozdziale <link linkend="dvd">DVD</link>. |
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225 </para> |
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226 |
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227 |
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228 <sect2 id="mpsub"> |
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229 <title>MPsub - Własny format napisów <application>MPlayera</application></title> |
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230 |
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231 <para> |
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232 <application>MPlayer</application> przedstawia nowy format napisów nazwany |
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233 <emphasis role="bold">MPsub</emphasis>. Zaprojektowany on został przez Gabucino. |
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234 Przede wszystkim jego główną cechą jest bycie <emphasis>dynamicznie</emphasis> opartym o |
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235 czas (chociaż może być również oparty o ramki). Przykład (z <ulink |
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236 url="../../tech/mpsub.sub">DOCS/tech/mpsub.sub</ulink> - na potrzeby tego dokumentu częściowo |
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237 przetłumaczony): |
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238 <programlisting> |
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239 FORMAT=TIME |
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240 # pierwsza liczba : czekaj tyle sekund po zniknięciu poprzednich napisów |
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241 # druga liczba : wyświetlaj napisy przez tyle sekund |
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242 |
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243 15 3 |
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244 Dawno, dawno temu... |
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245 |
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246 0 3 |
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247 w odległej galaktyce... |
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248 |
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249 0 3 |
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250 planeta Naboo była atakowana.<!-- |
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251 --></programlisting> |
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252 </para> |
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253 |
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254 <para> |
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255 Widzisz więc, że głównym celem było <emphasis role="bold">umożliwienie łatwej |
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256 edycji/synchronizacji/łączenia/obcinania napisów</emphasis>. Więc jeśli - powiedzmy - |
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257 pobierzesz napisy SSA, które są źle rozmieszczone w czasie/opóźnione w stosunku do Twojej wersji |
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258 filmu, wykonujesz wtedy |
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259 |
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260 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>film.avi</replaceable> -sub źródło.ssa -dumpmpsub</screen> |
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261 Zostanie utworzony plik <filename>dump.mpsub</filename> w obecnie używanym katalogu, |
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262 który będzie zawierał źródłowe napisy, ale w formacie |
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263 <emphasis role="bold">MPsub</emphasis>. Będziesz mógł wtedy dowolnie dodawać/odejmować |
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264 sekundy do/z napisów. |
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265 </para> |
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266 |
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267 <para> |
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268 Napisy wyświetlane są w technice <emphasis role="bold">'OSD', |
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269 On Screen Display (Wyświetlanie Na Ekranie)</emphasis>. OSD używany jest |
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270 do wyświetlania obecnego czasu odtwarzania, paska głośności, paska przeszukiwania |
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271 filmu, itp. |
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272 </para> |
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273 </sect2> |
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274 |
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275 |
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276 <sect2 id="mpsub-install"> |
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277 <title>Instalacja OSD i napisów</title> |
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278 |
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279 <para> |
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280 Będziesz potrzebował paczki zawierającej czcionkę dla <application>MPlayera</application>, |
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281 żeby móc skorzystać z OSD/NAPISÓW. Jest wiele sposobów, aby ją uzyskać: |
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282 </para> |
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283 |
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284 <itemizedlist> |
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285 <listitem><para> |
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286 Skorzystaj z generatora czcionki w znajdującego się w katalogu <filename |
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287 class="directory">TOOLS/subfont-c</filename>. Jest to kompletne narzędzie, które |
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288 pomoże Ci przekonwertować czcionkę TTF/Type1/itp. do paczki z czcionką dla |
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289 <application>MPlayera</application> (więcej szczegółów znajdziesz w |
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290 <filename>TOOLS/subfont-c/README</filename>). |
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291 </para></listitem> |
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292 <listitem><para> |
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293 Skorzystaj z wtyczki generator czcionki dla <application>GIMPa</application>, |
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294 którą znajdziesz w katalogu <filename class="directory">TOOLS/subfont-GIMP</filename> |
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295 (notka: musisz mieć również wtyczkę HSI RAW, sprawdź ten adres: |
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296 <ulink url="http://realtime.ssu.ac.kr/~lethean/mplayer/index.php?pagename=MplayerKoreanFonts" />). |
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297 </para></listitem> |
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298 <listitem><para> |
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299 używanie czcionki TrueType (TTF) przy pomocy biblioteki |
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300 <systemitem class="library">freetype</systemitem>. Konieczna do tego jest wersja |
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301 2.0.9 lub wyższa! Tutaj możesz skorzystać z dwóch metod: |
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302 <itemizedlist> |
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303 <listitem><para> |
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304 użyj opcji <option>-font <replaceable>/ścieżka/do/przykładowej_czcionki.ttf</replaceable> |
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305 </option>, aby określić plik z czcionką TrueType przy każdym uruchomieniu |
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306 </para></listitem> |
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307 <listitem><para> |
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308 stwórz symboliczne dowiązanie: |
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309 <screen>ln -s <replaceable>/ścieżka/do/przykładowej_czcionki.ttf</replaceable> ~/.mplayer/subfont.ttf</screen> |
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310 </para></listitem> |
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311 </itemizedlist> |
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312 Jeżeli <application>MPlayer</application> został skompilowany z obsługą |
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313 <systemitem class="library">fontconfig</systemitem>, powyższe metody nie będą |
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314 działały, ponieważ opcja <option>-font</option> będzie oczekiwała nazwy czcionki, |
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315 a domyślną jest sans-serif. Aby otrzymać listę czcionek znanych |
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316 <systemitem class="library">fontconfig</systemitem>, |
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317 użyj komendy <command>fc-list</command>. Przykład: |
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318 <option>-font <replaceable>'Bitstream Vera Sans'</replaceable></option> |
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319 </para></listitem> |
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320 <listitem><para> |
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321 Pobierz gotowe do użycia pakiety z czcionkami ze strony |
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322 <application>MPlayera</application>. Informacja: dostępne obecnie czcionki |
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323 ograniczone są do obsługi kodowania ISO 8859-1/2, ale są też inne, przygotowane |
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324 przez użytkowników, (z obsługą koreańskiego, rosyjskiego, ISO 8859-8 itp) w katalogu |
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325 contrib/font serwera FTP. |
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326 </para><para> |
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327 <!-- FIXME: this para should be before the list --> |
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328 Czcionki powinny mieć odpowiedni plik <filename>font.desc</filename>, który |
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329 mapuje pozycję czcionek unicode do aktualnie używanej przez napisy strony kodowej |
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330 Innym wyjściem jest posiadanie napisów zakodowanych w UTF-8 i użycie opcji |
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331 <option>-utf8</option> albo po prostu zmienienie ich nazwy na |
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332 <filename><nazwa_filmu>.utf</filename> i wgranie ich do tego samego |
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333 katalogu co plik z filmem. Konwersja z różnych stron kodowych do UTF-8 |
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334 może być realizowana poprzez programy <command>konwert</command> lub |
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335 <command>iconv</command>. |
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336 </para><para> |
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337 |
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338 <table> |
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339 <title>Kilka adresów URL</title> |
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340 <tgroup cols="2"> |
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341 <thead> |
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342 <row><entry>URL</entry><entry>Komentarz</entry></row> |
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343 </thead> |
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344 <tbody> |
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345 <row><entry> |
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346 <ulink url="ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/fonts/"></ulink> |
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347 </entry><entry> |
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348 czcionki ISO |
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349 </entry></row> |
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350 <row><entry> |
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351 <ulink url="ftp://ftp.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/contrib/fonts/"></ulink> |
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352 </entry><entry> |
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353 różne czcionki użytkowników |
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354 </entry></row> |
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355 <row><entry> |
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356 <ulink url="http://realtime.ssu.ac.kr/~lethean/mplayer/index.php?pagename=MplayerKoreanFonts"></ulink> |
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357 </entry><entry> |
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358 czcionki koreańskie i wtyczka RAW |
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359 </entry></row> |
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360 </tbody> |
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361 </tgroup> |
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362 </table> |
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363 |
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364 </para></listitem> |
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365 </itemizedlist> |
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366 |
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367 <para> |
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368 Jeżeli wybierzesz czcionki inne niż TTF, rozpakuj (UNZIP) plik, który ściągnąłeś do |
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369 katalogu <filename class="directory">~/.mplayer</filename> lub <filename |
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370 class="directory">$PREFIX/share/mplayer</filename>. Następnie zmień nazwę |
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371 lub stwórz symboliczne dowiązanie tego katalogu do <filename>font</filename>, |
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372 na przykład: |
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373 |
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374 <screen>ln -s <replaceable>~/.mplayer/arial-24</replaceable> ~/.mplayer/font</screen> |
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375 |
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376 Teraz na pewno zobaczysz licznik w lewym górnym rogu filmu (możesz go wyłączyć |
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377 używając klawisza <keycap>o</keycap>). |
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378 </para> |
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379 |
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380 <para> |
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381 (napisy są <emphasis>zawsze włączone</emphasis>, aby dowiedzieć się, je wyłączyć, |
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382 przeczytaj stronę man) |
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383 </para> |
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384 |
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385 <para> |
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386 OSD ma 4 stany (przełączane przez klawisz <keycap>o</keycap>): |
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387 |
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388 <orderedlist> |
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389 <listitem><simpara> |
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390 pasek głośności + pasek przeszukiwania (domyślnie) |
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391 </simpara></listitem> |
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392 <listitem><simpara> |
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393 pasek głośności + pasek przeszukiwania + licznik czasu + |
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394 pozycja przeszukiwania w pliku (w procentach) |
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395 </simpara></listitem> |
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396 <listitem><simpara> |
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397 pasek głośności + pasek przeszukiwania + licznik czasu + całkowity czas trwania |
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398 </simpara></listitem> |
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399 <listitem><simpara> |
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400 tylko napisy |
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401 </simpara></listitem> |
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402 </orderedlist> |
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403 |
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404 Możesz zmienić domyślne zachowanie, ustawiając zmienną <varname>osdlevel</varname> |
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405 w pliku konfiguracyjnym (config) lub korzystając z opcji <option>-osdlevel</option> |
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406 w wierszu poleceń. |
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407 |
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408 </para> |
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409 </sect2> |
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410 </sect1> |
| 11176 | 411 |
| 412 <sect1 id="control"> | |
| 413 <title>Sterowanie</title> | |
| 414 | |
| 415 <para> | |
| 416 <application>MPlayer</application> posiada w pełni konfigurowalną, opartą na | |
| 11543 | 417 komendach warstwę sterowania, która pozwala na sterowanie |
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418 <application>MPlayerem</application> za pomocą klawiatury, myszki, joysticka lub |
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419 zdalnego sterowania (za pomocą LIRC). Zajrzyj na stronę man w celu przejrzenia |
| 11176 | 420 pełnej listy skrótów klawiszowych. |
| 421 </para> | |
| 422 | |
| 423 | |
| 424 <sect2 id="ctrl-cfg"> | |
| 425 <title>Konfiguracja sterowania</title> | |
| 426 | |
| 427 <para> | |
| 428 <application>MPlayer</application> pozwala Ci przypisać dowolny klawisz/przycisk | |
| 15087 | 429 do dowolnego polecenia za pomocą prostego pliku konfiguracyjnego. Składnia tego |
| 11176 | 430 pliku to nazwa klawisza, po której znajduje się komenda. Domyślny plik |
| 431 konfiguracyjny znajduje się w <filename>$HOME/.mplayer/input.conf</filename>, ale | |
| 11543 | 432 można podać także inny za pomocą opcji |
| 433 <option>-input <replaceable>plik</replaceable></option> | |
| 11176 | 434 (ścieżki względne są względem <filename>$HOME/.mplayer</filename>). |
| 435 </para> | |
| 436 | |
| 13904 | 437 <para> |
| 438 Możesz uzyskać pełną listę uruchamiając | |
| 439 <command>mplayer -input keylist</command>. | |
| 440 i pełną listę dostępnych komend za pomocą | |
| 441 <command>mplayer -input cmdlist</command>. | |
| 442 </para> | |
| 443 | |
| 11176 | 444 <example> |
| 445 <title>Przykładowy plik konfiguracji sterowania</title> | |
| 446 <programlisting> | |
| 447 ## | |
| 448 ## Plik konfiguracji sterowania MPlayera | |
| 449 ## | |
| 450 | |
| 451 RIGHT seek +10 | |
| 452 LEFT seek -10 | |
| 453 - audio_delay 0.100 | |
| 454 + audio_delay -0.100 | |
| 455 q quit | |
| 456 > pt_step 1 | |
| 457 < pt_step -1 | |
| 458 ENTER pt_step 1 1<!-- | |
| 459 --></programlisting> | |
| 460 </example> | |
| 461 </sect2> | |
| 462 | |
| 463 | |
| 464 <sect2 id="lirc"> | |
| 465 <title>Sterowanie poprzez LIRC</title> | |
| 466 | |
| 467 <para> | |
| 468 Linux Infrared Remote Control - użyj łatwego do własnoręcznego zbudowania | |
| 469 odbiornika podczerwieni i (prawie) dowolnego pilota zdalnego sterowania i | |
| 470 steruj nim swoim Linuksem! | |
| 13904 | 471 Więcej informacji na <ulink url="http://www.lirc.org">stronie domowej LIRC</ulink>. |
| 11176 | 472 </para> |
| 473 | |
| 474 <para> | |
| 13904 | 475 Jeśli zainstalowałeś LIRC, <filename>configure</filename> automatycznie go |
| 476 wykryje. Jeśli wszystko pójdzie dobrze, <application>MPlayer</application> | |
| 477 wypisze "<systemitem>Setting up LIRC support...</systemitem>" przy | |
| 478 starcie. Jeśli wystąpi błąd, powiadomi Cię o tym. Jeśli nic nie powie Ci na | |
| 479 temat LIRC, to znaczy, że jego obsługa nie została wkompilowana. Proste :-) | |
| 11176 | 480 </para> |
| 481 | |
| 482 <para> | |
| 13904 | 483 Nazwa aplikacji dla <application>MPlayer</application> to - niespodzianka - |
| 484 <filename>mplayer</filename>. Możesz używać dowolnych komend | |
| 485 <application>MPlayera</application>, a nawet podać więcej niż jedną | |
| 486 komendę na raz oddzielając je za pomocą <literal>\n</literal>. | |
| 487 | |
| 11176 | 488 Nie zapomnij o włączeniu flagi repeat w <filename>.lircrc</filename> jeśli |
| 13904 | 489 ma to sens (skoki, głośność itp). To jest fragment przykładowego |
| 11176 | 490 <filename>.lircrc</filename>: |
| 491 </para> | |
| 492 | |
| 493 <programlisting> | |
| 494 begin | |
| 495 button = VOLUME_PLUS | |
| 496 prog = mplayer | |
| 497 config = volume 1 | |
| 498 repeat = 1 | |
| 499 end | |
| 500 | |
| 501 begin | |
| 502 button = VOLUME_MINUS | |
| 503 prog = mplayer | |
| 504 config = volume -1 | |
| 505 repeat = 1 | |
| 506 end | |
| 507 | |
| 508 begin | |
| 509 button = CD_PLAY | |
| 510 prog = mplayer | |
| 511 config = pause | |
| 512 end | |
| 513 | |
| 514 begin | |
| 515 button = CD_STOP | |
| 516 prog = mplayer | |
| 517 config = seek 0 1\npause | |
| 518 end<!-- | |
| 519 --></programlisting> | |
| 520 | |
| 521 <para> | |
| 522 Jeśli nie lubisz standardowej lokalizacji pliku lirc-config | |
| 523 (<filename>~/.lircrc</filename>), użyj opcji <option>-lircconf | |
| 524 <replaceable>nazwa_pliku</replaceable></option> by podać inny plik. | |
| 525 </para> | |
| 526 </sect2> | |
| 527 | |
| 528 | |
| 529 <sect2 id="slave-mode"> | |
| 530 <title>Tryb sługi</title> | |
| 531 <para> | |
| 532 Tryb sługi pozwala Ci na utworzenie prostej nakładki na | |
| 13904 | 533 <application>MPlayera</application>. Po uruchomieniu z opcją |
| 534 <option>-slave</option> <application>MPlayer</application> będzie czytał | |
| 535 komendy oddzielone znakami nowego wiersza (\n) ze standardowego wejścia. | |
| 536 Komendy zostały udokumentowane w pliku | |
| 537 <ulink url="../../tech/slave.txt">slave.txt</ulink> | |
| 11176 | 538 </para> |
| 539 </sect2> | |
| 540 </sect1> | |
| 541 | |
| 542 | |
| 543 <sect1 id="streaming"> | |
| 544 <title>Strumieniowanie z sieci i potoków</title> | |
| 545 | |
| 546 <para> | |
| 547 <application>MPlayer</application> potrafi odtwarzać pliki z sieci, używając | |
| 548 protokołów HTTP, FTP, MMS lub RTSP/RTP. | |
| 549 </para> | |
| 550 | |
| 551 <para> | |
| 13904 | 552 Odtwarzanie następuje przez proste podanie URLa w wierszu poleceń. |
| 553 <application>MPlayer</application> zwraca również uwagę na zmienną środowiskową | |
| 11176 | 554 <envar>http_proxy</envar> i używa proxy jeśli jest to możliwe. Korzystanie |
| 555 z proxy może być również wymuszone za pomocą: | |
| 11718 | 556 <screen>mplayer |
| 557 <replaceable>http_proxy://proxy.micorsops.com:3128/http://micorsops.com:80/strumien.asf</replaceable></screen> | |
| 11176 | 558 </para> |
| 559 | |
| 560 <para> | |
| 561 <application>MPlayer</application> potrafi również czytać ze standardowego wejścia | |
| 562 (<emphasis>nie</emphasis> z nazwanych potoków). Może to być wykorzystane np. do | |
| 563 odtwarzania poprzez FTP: | |
| 11718 | 564 <screen>wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/cokolwiek.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -</screen> |
| 11176 | 565 </para> |
| 566 | |
| 567 <note><para> | |
| 13904 | 568 Zalecane jest również włączenie <option>-cache</option> przy odtwarzaniu |
| 11543 | 569 z sieci: |
| 11718 | 570 <screen>wget <replaceable>ftp://micorsops.com/cokolwiek.avi</replaceable> -O - | mplayer -cache 8192 -</screen> |
| 11176 | 571 </para></note> |
| 16055 | 572 |
| 573 <sect2 id="streaming-save"> | |
| 574 <title>Zapisywanie strumieniowanej zawartości</title> | |
| 575 <para> | |
| 576 Jak już uda Ci się zmusić <application>MPlayera</application> do odtwarzania | |
| 577 Twojego ulubionego strumienia internetowego, możesz użyć opcji | |
| 578 <option>-dumpstream</option> aby zapisać strumień do pliku. | |
| 579 Na przykład: | |
| 580 <screen> | |
| 581 mplayer <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> -dumpstream -dumpfile <replaceable>strumien.asf</replaceable> | |
| 582 </screen> | |
| 583 zapisze zawartość strumieniowaną z | |
| 584 <replaceable>http://217.71.208.37:8006</replaceable> do pliku | |
| 585 <replaceable>stream.asf</replaceable>. | |
| 586 Działa to ze wszystkimi protokołami obsługiwanymi przez | |
| 587 <application>MPlayera</application>, jak MMS, RSTP itd. | |
| 588 </para> | |
| 589 </sect2> | |
| 11176 | 590 </sect1> |
| 591 | |
| 592 <sect1 id="mpst" xreflabel="Remote streams"> | |
| 593 <title>Strumienie zdalne</title> | |
| 594 | |
| 595 <para> | |
| 596 Strumienie zdalne pozwalają na dostęp do większości strumieni obsługiwanych | |
| 597 przez <application>MPlayera</application> ze zdalnego hosta. Głównym celem tej | |
| 598 funkcji jest umożliwienie bezpośredniego korzystania z napędu CD lub DVD innego | |
| 11543 | 599 komputera w sieci (pod warunkiem posiadania odpowiedniej przepustowości). |
| 600 Niestety niektóre typy strumieni (aktualnie TV oraz MF) nie są dostępne zdalnie, | |
| 601 gdyż są zaimplementowane na poziomie demultipleksera. Jest to przykre w | |
| 602 przypadku MF, gdyż TV i tak by wymagało szalonej przepustowości. | |
| 11176 | 603 </para> |
| 604 | |
| 605 <sect2 id="compile_mpst_server"> | |
| 606 <title>Kompilacja serwera</title> | |
| 607 <para> | |
| 608 Po kompilacji <application>MPlayera</application> wejdź do katalogu | |
| 609 <filename>TOOLS/netstream</filename> i wpisz <application>make</application> | |
| 610 by zbudować program serwera. Możesz wtedy skopiować program | |
| 611 <application>nestream</application> do odpowiedniego miejsca w Twoim | |
| 612 systemie (przeważnie <filename class="directory">/usr/local/bin</filename> | |
| 613 pod Linuksem). | |
| 614 </para> | |
| 615 </sect2> | |
| 616 | |
| 617 <sect2 id="use_mpst"> | |
| 618 <title>Używanie strumieni zdalnych</title> | |
| 619 <para> | |
| 620 Najpierw musisz uruchomić serwer na komputerze, do którego masz zamiar mieć | |
| 13904 | 621 dostęp zdalny. Aktualnie serwer jest bardzo podstawowy i nie ma żadnych |
| 622 argumentów wiersza poleceń, więc po prostu wpisz <filename>netstream</filename>. | |
| 11176 | 623 Teraz możesz np. odtworzyć drugą ścieżkę VCD na serwerze za pomocą: |
| 624 <screen> | |
| 11718 | 625 mplayer -cache 5000 <replaceable>mpst://nazwa_serwera/vcd://2</replaceable> |
| 11176 | 626 </screen> |
| 627 Masz również dostęp do plików na tym serwerze: | |
| 628 <screen> | |
| 11718 | 629 mplayer -cache 5000 <replaceable>mpst://nazwa_serwera//usr/local/movies/lol.avi</replaceable> |
| 11176 | 630 </screen> |
| 631 Zauważ, że ścieżki, które nie zaczynają się na "/" będą względne do katalogu, | |
| 632 w którym uruchomiono serwer. Opcja <option>-cache</option> nie jest wymagana, | |
| 633 lecz bardzo zalecana. | |
| 634 </para> | |
| 635 | |
| 636 <para> | |
| 15087 | 637 Miej na uwadze to, że aktualnie serwer nie ma żadnych zabezpieczeń. Nie narzekaj |
| 13904 | 638 więc na liczne nadużycia, które są przez to możliwe. Zamiast tego wyślij jakąś |
| 11176 | 639 (dobrą) łatkę, by stał się lepszy lub napisz swój własny serwer. |
| 640 </para> | |
| 641 | |
| 642 </sect2> | |
| 643 | |
| 644 </sect1> | |
| 11787 | 645 |
| 646 <sect1 id="edl" xreflabel="Edit Decision Lists (EDL)"> | |
| 647 <title>Decyzyjne Listy Edycji (Edit Decision Lists - EDL)</title> | |
| 648 | |
| 649 <para> | |
| 650 Decyzyjna lista edycji (EDL) pozwala na automatyczne omijanie, bądź wyciszanie | |
| 651 fragmentów filmów podczas ich odtwarzania, na podstawie pliku konfiguracji EDL | |
| 652 dla danego filmu. | |
| 653 </para> | |
| 654 | |
| 655 <para> | |
| 656 Funkcja ta jest użyteczna dla osób, które zechcą obejrzeć film w "przyjaznym | |
| 657 dla rodziny" trybie. Możesz usunąć z filmu przemoc, przekleństwa, Jar-Jar | |
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658 Binksa, zgodnie z własnymi preferencjami. Ponadto istnieją także inne |
| 11787 | 659 zastosowania, jak automatyczne pomijanie reklam w oglądanych filmach. |
| 660 </para> | |
| 661 | |
| 662 <para> | |
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663 Format pliku EDL jest raczej "goły". Używana jest struktura z pojedynczą komendą w linii, w |
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664 której określone jest co należy zrobić (skip/mute) oraz kiedy (używane opóźnienie w |
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665 sekundach). |
| 11787 | 666 </para> |
| 667 | |
| 668 <sect2 id="edl_using"> | |
| 669 <title>Używanie pliku EDL</title> | |
| 670 <para> | |
| 671 Użyj podczas uruchamiania <application>MPlayera</application> flagi | |
| 672 <option>-edl <nazwa pliku></option> z nazwą pliku EDL, który ma być | |
| 673 zastosowany do filmu. | |
| 674 </para> | |
| 675 </sect2> | |
| 676 | |
| 677 <sect2 id="edl_making"> | |
| 678 <title>Tworzenie pliku EDL</title> | |
| 679 <para> | |
| 680 Aktualny format pliku EDL jest następujący: | |
| 681 <programlisting> | |
| 682 [sekunda początkowa] [sekunda końcowa] [akcja] | |
| 683 </programlisting> | |
| 684 gdzie liczby odpowiadające sekundom nie muszą być całkowite, zaś akcja może | |
| 685 przyjmować wartość <literal>0</literal> dla pominięcia bądź | |
| 686 <literal>1</literal> dla wyciszenia. | |
| 687 Na przykład: | |
| 688 <programlisting> | |
| 689 5.3 7.1 0 | |
| 690 15 16.7 1 | |
| 691 420 422 0 | |
| 692 </programlisting> | |
| 693 Oznacza to pominięcie filmu między 5,3 sekundą, a 7,1 sekundą filmu, następnie | |
| 694 wyciszenie od 15-tej sekundy do 16,7 sekundy i wreszcie pominięcie filmu | |
| 695 pomiędzy 420 a 422 sekundą Akcje te są wykonywane, gdy licznik czasu filmu | |
| 696 osiągnie zadeklarowaną wartość. | |
| 697 </para> | |
| 698 | |
| 699 <para> | |
| 700 Aby stworzyć plik EDL, będący punktem wyjścia do dalszej edycji, użyj flagi | |
| 701 <option>-edlout <nazwa pliku></option>. | |
|
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702 Następnie, podczas odtwarzania filmu, naciśnij <keycap>i</keycap>, aby oznaczyć początek i koniec |
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703 bloku do pominięcia. Odpowiedni wpis zostanie automatycznie utworzony w pliku. Wtedy możesz wrócić do edycji i "dostrajania" wygenerowanego |
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704 pliku EDL, w którym możesz także zmienić domyślną akcję (domyślnie jest to pomijanie). |
| 11787 | 705 </para> |
| 706 </sect2> | |
| 707 | |
| 708 </sect1> | |
| 709 | |
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710 <sect1 id="advaudio" xreflabel="Advanced Audio"> |
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711 <title>Zaawansowane audio</title> |
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712 |
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713 <sect2 id="advaudio-surround"> |
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714 <title>Dźwięk przestrzenny/wielokanałowy</title> |
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715 |
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716 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-DVD"> |
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717 <title>DVDs</title> |
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718 <para> |
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719 Większość płyt DVD, a także wiele innych plików zawiera dźwięk przestrzenny. |
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720 <application>MPlayer</application> obsługuje dźwięk przestrzenny, ale opcja ta |
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721 nie jest domyślnie włączona, ponieważ sprzęt przeznaczony dla zwykłego stereo |
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722 jest znacznie bedziej popularny. Aby odtworzyć plik zawierający więcej niż dwa |
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723 kanały audio, użyj opcji <option>-channels</option>. |
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724 Na przykład, aby odtworzyć DVD z audio 5.1: |
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725 |
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726 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6</screen> |
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727 |
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728 Zauważmy, że mimo nazwy "5.1", uzywanych jest 6 kanałów. |
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729 Jeżeli posiadasz sprzęt pozwalający na odtwarzanie dźwięku przestrzennego możesz |
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730 bezpiecznie wpisać <option>channels</option> do swojego pliku konfiguracyjnego |
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731 <application>MPlayera</application> (<filename>~/.mplayer/config</filename>). |
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732 Przykładowo, aby domyślnie włączyć efekt kwadrofonii, należy dodać linię: |
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733 |
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734 <programlisting>channels=4</programlisting> |
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735 |
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736 Od tego momentu, <application>MPlayer</application> będzie odtwarzał cztery |
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737 kanały audio, zawsze gdy będą one dostępne. |
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738 </para> |
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739 </sect3> |
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740 |
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741 |
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742 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-stereoinfour"> |
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743 <title>Odtwarzanie plików stereo przy użyciu czterech głośników</title> |
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744 |
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745 <para> |
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746 <application>MPlayer</application> standardowo nie duplikuje kanałów, ani nie |
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747 robi tego większość sterowników audio. Jeżeli chcesz zrobić to ręcznie: |
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748 |
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749 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
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750 |
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751 Zobacz sekcję o |
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752 <link linkend="advaudio-channels-copying">kopiowaniu kanałów</link> aby uzyskać |
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753 wyjaśnienie. |
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754 </para> |
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755 |
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756 </sect3> |
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757 |
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758 |
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759 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-passthrough"> |
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760 <title>Przekazywanie AC3/DTS</title> |
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761 |
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762 <para> |
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763 Dźwięk przestrzenny na płytach DVD zazwyczaj kodowany jest w formacie AC3 |
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764 (Dolby Digital) lub DTS (Digital Theater System). Część współczesnego sprzętu |
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765 audio jest w stanie dekodować te formaty. |
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766 <application>MPlayer</application> może zostać skonfigurowany, aby przekazywał |
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767 dane audio bez ich dekodowania. Rozwiązanie takie będzie działało tylko, jeżeli |
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768 posiadasz w swojej karcie muzycznej złącze S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface). |
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769 </para> |
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|
770 |
|
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|
771 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
772 Jeżeli twój sprzęt audio potrafi dekodować zarówno AC3 jak i DTS, możesz |
|
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|
773 bezpiecznie włączyć przekazywanie dla obu formatów. W przeciwnym razie, tylko |
|
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|
774 dla tego formatu, który jest obsługiwany przez Twój sprzęt. |
|
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|
775 </para> |
|
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|
776 |
|
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|
777 <itemizedlist> |
|
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|
778 <title>Aby włączyć przekazywanie z linii poleceń:</title> |
|
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|
779 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
780 dla AC3 użyj <option>-ac hwac3</option> |
|
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|
781 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
782 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
783 dla DTS użyj <option>-ac hwdts</option> |
|
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|
784 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
785 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
786 dla AC3 i DTS użyj <option>-afm hwac3</option> |
|
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|
787 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
788 </itemizedlist> |
|
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diff
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|
789 |
|
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|
790 <itemizedlist> |
|
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|
791 <title>Aby włączyć przekazywanie w pliku konfiguracyjnym |
|
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|
792 <application>MPlayera</application>: </title> |
|
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|
793 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
794 dla AC3 użyj <option>ac=hwac3,</option> |
|
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|
795 </para></listitem> |
|
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changeset
|
796 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
797 dla DTS użyj <option>ac=hwdts,</option> |
|
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|
798 </para></listitem> |
|
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changeset
|
799 <listitem><para> |
|
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changeset
|
800 dla AC3 i DTS użyj <option>afm=hwac3</option> |
|
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changeset
|
801 </para></listitem> |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
802 </itemizedlist> |
|
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- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
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changeset
|
803 |
|
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changeset
|
804 <para> |
|
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changeset
|
805 Zauważ, że na końcu opcji <option>ac=hwac3,</option> oraz |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
806 <option>ac=hwdts,</option> są przecinki. Powodują one, że |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
807 <application>MPlayer</application> będzie używał standardowych kodeków, które |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
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19102
diff
changeset
|
808 są normalnie używane podczas odtwarzania plików, które nie posiadają dźwięku |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
809 AC3 ani DTS. |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
810 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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diff
changeset
|
811 Opcja <option>afm=hwac3</option> nie wymaga przecinka, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
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diff
changeset
|
812 <application>MPlayer</application> użyje odpowiedniego kodeka, gdy będzie |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
813 określony rodzaj dźwięku. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
814 </para> |
|
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- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
815 |
|
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- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
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parents:
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changeset
|
816 </sect3> |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
817 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
818 <sect3 id="hwmpa-surround-passthrough"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
819 <title>Przekazywanie dźwięku MPEG</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
820 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
821 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
822 Cyfrowe transmisje TV (takie jak DVB czy ATSC), także niektóre płyty DVDs |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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|
823 zazwyczaj zawierają strumienie audio w formacie MPEG (konkretnie MP2). |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
824 Część sprzętowych dekoderów MPEG, takich jak pełnofunkcjonalne karty DVB, oraz |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
825 adaptery DXR2, potrafi natywnie dekodować ten format. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
826 <application>MPlayer</application> może zostać tak skonfigurowany, aby przekazywać |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
827 dane audio bez ich dekodowania. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
828 </para> |
|
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
829 |
|
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changeset
|
830 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
831 Aby użyć tego sposobu dekodowania: |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
832 <screen> mplayer -ac hwmpa </screen> |
|
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changeset
|
833 </para> |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
834 </sect3> |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
835 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
836 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-matrix"> |
|
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|
837 <title>Dźwięk zakodowany macierzowo</title> |
|
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
838 |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
839 <para> |
|
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changeset
|
840 <emphasis>***TODO***</emphasis> |
|
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changeset
|
841 </para> |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
842 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
843 Ta sekcja musi dopiero zostać napisana i nie może zostać ukończona zanim |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
844 ktoś nie dostarczy przykładowych plików do testów. Jeżeli posiadasz jakieś |
|
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
845 pliki audio zakodowane macierzowo (matrix-encoded), wiesz kto je posiada lub |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
846 wiesz cokolwiek co mogłoby być pomocne, wyślij proszę informację na listę |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
847 mailingową |
|
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changeset
|
848 <ulink url="http://mplayerhq.hu/mailman/listinfo/mplayer-docs">MPlayer-DOCS</ulink> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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diff
changeset
|
849 W temacie podaj "[matrix-encoded audio]". |
|
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|
850 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
851 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
852 Jeżeli nie nadejdą żadne wiadomości, ta sekcja zostanie usunięta. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
853 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
854 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
855 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
856 Przydatne linki: |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
857 <itemizedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
858 <listitem><para> |
|
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changeset
|
859 <ulink url="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm">http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/surround-sound5.htm</ulink> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
860 </para></listitem> |
|
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
861 <listitem><para> |
|
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parents:
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changeset
|
862 <ulink url="http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp">http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,1016875,00.asp</ulink> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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changeset
|
863 </para></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
864 </itemizedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
865 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
866 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
867 </sect3> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
868 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
869 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
870 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-hrtf"> |
|
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
871 <title>Emulacja przestrzeni w słuchawkach</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
872 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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parents:
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changeset
|
873 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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changeset
|
874 <application>MPlayer</application> posiada filtr HRTF (Head Related Transfer |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
875 Function) bazujący na <ulink url="http://sound.media.mit.edu/KEMAR.html">projekcie MIT</ulink>, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
876 w ramach którego wykonane zostały pomiary z mikrofonów zamontowanych na głowie |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
877 ludzkiego manekina. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
878 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
879 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
880 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
881 Chociaż nie jest możliwe dokładne zasymulowanie systemu otaczającego dźwiękiem, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
882 filtr HRTF zawarty w <application>MPlayerze</application> powoduje bardziej |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
883 przestrzenne zanurzenie w dźwięku przy uzyciu 2-kanałowych słuchawek. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
884 Standardowy procedura po prostu łączy wszystkie kanały w dwa. <option>hrtf</option>, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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boskicinek
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
885 obok łączenia kanałów, generuje także subtelne echa, nieznacznie zwiększa |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
886 separację kanałów stereo, a także zmienia głośność niektórych częstotliwości. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
887 To, czy dźwięk HRTF brzmi lepiej, może zależeć od źródła dźwięku oraz gustu |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
888 słuchacza, ale z pewnością jest on warty wypróbowania. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
889 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
890 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
891 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
892 Odtwarzanie DVD z HRTF: |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
893 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
894 <screen>mplayer dvd://1 -channels 6 -af hrtf</screen> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
895 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
896 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
897 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
898 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
899 <option>hrtf</option> działa poprawnie tylko przy 5 i 6 kanałach. Opcja ta wymaga |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
900 także audio próbkowanego z częstotliwością 48kHz. Audio na płytach DVD jest już |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
901 próbkowane 48kHz, lecz jeżeli chcesz odtworzyć plik z innym próbkowaniem i opcją |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
902 <option>hrtf</option>, musisz dokonać jego przepróbkowania tego pliku: |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
903 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
904 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -channels 6 -af resample=48000,hrtf</screen> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
905 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
906 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
907 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
908 </sect3> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
909 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
910 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
911 <sect3 id="advaudio-surround-troubleshooting"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
912 <title>Rozwiązywanie problemów</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
913 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
914 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
915 Jeżeli nie słyszysz żadnych dźwięków, sprawdź ustawienia miksera przy pomocy |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
916 stosownego programu, takiego jak <application>alsamixer</application>; |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
917 niejednokrotnie wyjścia audio są domyślnie wyciszone lub ich głośność jest ustawiona |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
918 na zero. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
919 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
920 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
921 </sect3> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
922 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
923 </sect2> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
924 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
925 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
926 <sect2 id="advaudio-channels"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
927 <title>Manipulowanie kanałami</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
928 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
929 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-general"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
930 <title>Ogólne informacje</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
931 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
932 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
933 Niestety nie ma żadnego standardu opisującego w jaki sposób kanały są uporządkowane. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
934 Poniższe porządki przedstawiają te używane przez AC3, które są dość typowe. Spróbuj |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
935 ich i sprawdź czy odpowiednie źródła dźwięku się zgadzają. Kanały są numerowane od 0. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
936 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
937 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
938 <title>mono</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
939 <listitem override="0"><simpara>środkowy</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
940 </orderedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
941 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
942 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
943 <title>stereo</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
944 <listitem override="0"><simpara>lewy</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
945 <listitem><simpara>prawy</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
946 </orderedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
947 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
948 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
949 <title>kwadrofonia</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
950 <listitem override="0"><simpara>lewy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
951 <listitem><simpara>prawy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
952 <listitem><simpara>lewy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
953 <listitem><simpara>prawy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
954 </orderedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
955 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
956 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
957 <title>surround 4.0</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
958 <listitem override="0"><simpara>lewy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
959 <listitem><simpara>prawy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
960 <listitem><simpara>środkowy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
961 <listitem><simpara>środkowy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
962 </orderedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
963 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
964 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
965 <title>surround 5.0</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
966 <listitem override="0"><simpara>lewy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
967 <listitem><simpara>prawy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
968 <listitem><simpara>lewy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
969 <listitem><simpara>prawy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
970 <listitem><simpara>środkowy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
971 </orderedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
972 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
973 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
974 <title>surround 5.1</title> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
975 <listitem override="0"><simpara>lewy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
976 <listitem><simpara>prawy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
977 <listitem><simpara>lewy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
978 <listitem><simpara>prawy tylny</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
979 <listitem><simpara>środkowy przedni</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
980 <listitem><simpara>subwoofer (głośnik niskotonowy)</simpara></listitem> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
981 </orderedlist> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
982 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
983 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
984 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
985 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
986 Opcja <option>-channels</option> jest używana w celu określenia liczby kanałów |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
987 dekodowanego audio. Niektóre kodeki audio wykorzystują tę liczbę aby zdecydować |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
988 czy konieczne jest zmniejszenie liczby kanałów poprzez miksowanie. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
989 Zauważ, że ustawienie tej opcji nie jest równoważne z ustawieniem liczby |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
990 wyjściowych kanałów. Przykładowo, używając opcji <option>-channels 4</option> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
991 aby odtworzyć plik stereo MP3, otrzymamy 2 kanały wyjściowe, bowiem kodek MP3 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
992 nie potrafi spreparować dodatkowych kanałów. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
993 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
994 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
995 <para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
996 Filtr audio <option>channels</option> może być użyty aby stworzyć lub usunąć kanały, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
997 co może być przydatne przy określaniu liczy kanałów przesyłanych do karty muzycznej. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
998 Aby dowiedzieć się więcej, zobacz kolejne sekcje. |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
999 </para> |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
1000 |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
- synced with 18964 by Emdej and fixes from Boski
boskicinek
parents:
19102
diff
changeset
|
1001 </sect3> |
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1002 |
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1003 |
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|
1004 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mono"> |
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1005 <title>Odtwarzanie dźwięku mono używając dwóch głośników</title> |
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|
1006 |
|
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|
1007 <para> |
|
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1008 Dźwięk mono brzmi znacznie lepiej, gdy jest odtwarzany przy użyciu dwóch |
|
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|
1009 głośników - szczególnie gdy używamy słuchawek. Pliki audio, które posiadają |
|
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1010 tylko jeden kanał audio są automatycznie odtwarzane przy użyciu obu głośników; |
|
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|
1011 niestety większość plików mono jest zakodowana jako dźwięk stereo, gdzie jeden |
|
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|
1012 kanał jest wyciszony. Najłatwiejszą i najbardziej niezawodną metodą pozwalającą |
|
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|
1013 na odtworzenie dźwięku przy użyciu obu głośników jest użycie filtru |
|
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|
1014 <option>extrastereo</option>: |
|
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|
1015 |
|
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|
1016 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0</screen> |
|
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|
1017 |
|
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|
1018 </para> |
|
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|
1019 |
|
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|
1020 <para> |
|
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|
1021 Metoda ta uśrednia oba kanały, co skutkuje zmniejszeniu głośności każdego z kanałów |
|
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|
1022 o połowę względem oryginału. W następnej sekcji zawarto przykłady innych metod rozwiązania |
|
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|
1023 tego problemu bez zmniejszania głośności; niestety są one bardziej skomplikowanego |
|
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|
1024 i wymagają różnych opcji w zależności od kanału, który zawiera dane. |
|
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|
1025 Jeżeli na prawdę potrzebujesz utrzymać głośność, możliwe że łatwiej będzie odpowiednio |
|
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|
1026 dopasować głośność przy użyciu filtru <option>volume</option>. Na przykład: |
|
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|
1027 |
|
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|
1028 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af extrastereo=0,volume=5</screen> |
|
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|
1029 |
|
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|
1030 </para> |
|
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|
1031 |
|
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|
1032 </sect3> |
|
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|
1033 |
|
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|
1034 |
|
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|
1035 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-copying"> |
|
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|
1036 <title>Kopiowanie i przesuwanie kanałów</title> |
|
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|
1037 |
|
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|
1038 <para> |
|
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|
1039 Filtr <option>channels</option> potrafi przesunąć dowolny jeden lub wszystkie kanały. |
|
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|
1040 Ustawienie wszystkich podopcji filtru <option>channels</option> może być |
|
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|
1041 skomplikowane i wymaga nieco uwagi. |
|
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|
1042 |
|
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|
1043 <orderedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
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|
1044 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1045 Zdecyduj ile wyjściowych kanałów audio potrzebujesz. Oto pierwsza podopcja. |
|
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|
1046 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1047 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1048 Policz ile przesunięć kanałów zamierzasz wykonać. To jest druga podopcja. Każdy |
|
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|
1049 kanał może być przesunięty do kilku różnych kanałów w tym samym czasie, ale pamiętaj, |
|
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|
1050 że gdy przesuniesz kanał (również gdy do tylko jednego kanału docelowego), źródło zostanie |
|
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|
1051 opróżnione, chyba że inny kanał zostanie tam przesunięty. Aby skopiować kanał, |
|
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|
1052 pozostawiając źródło nietknięte, po prostu przesuń kanał zarówno do miejsca kopiowania, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1053 jak i do źródła. Na przykład: |
|
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|
1054 |
|
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|
1055 <programlisting> |
|
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|
1056 kanał 2 --> kanał 3 |
|
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|
1057 kanał 2 --> kanał 2 |
|
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|
1058 </programlisting> |
|
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|
1059 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1060 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1061 Wypisz kopie kanałów jako pary subopcji. Pamiętaj, że pierwszy kanał ma numer 0, |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1062 drugi 1 itd. Kolejność subopcji nie jest istotna tak długo, ale muszą one być |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1063 pogrupowane w pary typu: |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1064 <replaceable>źródło:cel</replaceable>. |
|
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|
1065 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1066 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1067 |
|
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|
1068 </para> |
|
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|
1069 |
|
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|
1070 |
|
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|
1071 <bridgehead>Przykład: jeden kanał w dwóch głośnikach</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1072 |
|
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|
1073 <para> |
|
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|
1074 Oto przykład innej metody odtwarzania jednego kanału w dwóch głośnikach. |
|
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|
1075 Załóżmy, że lewy kanał ma być odtwarzany, a lewy ma zostać pominięty. |
|
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|
1076 Zgodnie z krokami opisanymi powyżej: |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1077 <orderedlist> |
|
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|
1078 <listitem><para> |
|
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changeset
|
1079 Aby dostarczyć dźwięk do każdego z dwóch głośników, pierwsza opcja musi mieć |
|
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|
1080 wartość "2". |
|
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|
1081 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1082 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1083 Lewy kanał musi zostać przesunięty do prawego kanału oraz lewego, aby nie został |
|
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|
1084 on pusty. Sumaryczna liczba przesunięć to dwa, zatem druga opcja to również "2". |
|
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|
1085 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1086 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1087 Aby przesunąć lewy kanał (kanał 0) do kanału prawego (kanał 1), para subopcji |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1088 musi byc "0:1", "0:0" przesunie lewy kanał do siebie. |
|
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|
1089 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1090 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1091 Po połączeniu wszystkiego razem otrzymamy: |
|
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|
1092 |
|
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parents:
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|
1093 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=2:2:0:1:0:0</screen> |
|
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|
1094 </para> |
|
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19102
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changeset
|
1095 |
|
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|
1096 <para> |
|
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changeset
|
1097 Przewaga tego przykładu nad opcją <option>extrastereo</option> jest taka, że |
|
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|
1098 głośność każdego z kanałów wyjściowych pozostanie taka sama jak kanału źródłowego. |
|
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|
1099 Wadą jest, że podopcje muszą zostać zmienione na "2:2:1:0:1:1", gdy dźwięk zawiera |
|
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|
1100 kanał prawy. Ponadto trudniej to zapamiętać i wpisać. |
|
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|
1101 </para> |
|
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changeset
|
1102 |
|
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|
1103 <bridgehead>Przykład: lewy kanał w obu głośnikach (skrót)</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1104 |
|
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|
1105 <para> |
|
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|
1106 Istnieje znacznie łatwiejsza metoda na użycie filtru <option>channels</option> w |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1107 celu odtworzenia lewego kanału w dwóch głośnikach: |
|
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|
1108 |
|
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|
1109 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=1</screen> |
|
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|
1110 |
|
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|
1111 Drugi kanał jest pomijany, a pierwszy jest pozostawiany, bez dodatkowych podopcji. |
|
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|
1112 Sterowniki kart muzycznych automatycznie odtwarzają jednokanałowy dźwięk wykorzystując |
|
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1113 oba głośniki. Oczywiście zadziała to tylko, gdy pożądanym kanałem jest kanał lewy. |
|
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|
1114 </para> |
|
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|
1115 |
|
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|
1116 <bridgehead>Przykład: kopiowanie kanałów przednich do kanałów tylnych</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1117 <para> |
|
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|
1118 Kolejną typową operacją jest kopiowanie kanałów przednich i odtwarzanie ich z |
|
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|
1119 tylnych głośników w ustawieniu kwadrofonicznym. |
|
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|
1120 <orderedlist> |
|
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|
1121 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1122 Potrzebujemy czterech kanałów wyjściowych, więc pierwsza podopcja to "4". |
|
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|
1123 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1124 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1125 Każdy z przednich kanałów musi zostać przesunięty do odpowiedniego kanału tylnego |
|
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|
1126 oraz do siebie. W sumie użyte będą cztery przesunięcia, więc druga opcja to "4". |
|
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|
1127 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1128 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1129 Lewy przedni kanał (kanał 0) musi zostać przesunięty do lewego tylnego (kanał 2): "0:2". |
|
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|
1130 Lewy przedni musi być także przesunięty do siebie: "0:0". Prawy przedni (kanał 1) |
|
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|
1131 musi zostać przesunięty do prawego tylnego (kanał 3): "1:3" oraz do siebie: "1:1". |
|
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|
1132 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1133 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1134 Po połączeniu wszystkich podopcji otrzymujemy: |
|
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|
1135 |
|
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|
1136 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af channels=4:4:0:2:0:0:1:3:1:1</screen> |
|
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|
1137 |
|
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|
1138 </para> |
|
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|
1139 |
|
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|
1140 </sect3> |
|
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|
1141 |
|
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|
1142 |
|
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|
1143 <sect3 id="advaudio-channels-mixing"> |
|
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|
1144 <title>Miksowanie kanałów</title> |
|
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|
1145 |
|
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|
1146 <para> |
|
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|
1147 Filtr <option>pan</option> potrafi zmiksować kanały w określonych przez |
|
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|
1148 użytkownika proporcjach. Pozwala to na wykonanie wszystkiego tego co potrafi |
|
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|
1149 filtr <option>channels</option> i wiele więcej. Niestety podopcje są tutaj |
|
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|
1150 znacznie bardziej skomplikowane. |
|
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|
1151 <orderedlist> |
|
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|
1152 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1153 Zdecyduj z iloma kanałami chcesz pracować. Aby to określić możesz potrzebować |
|
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|
1154 użyć <option>-channels</option> i/lub <option>-af channels</option>. Późniejsze |
|
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|
1155 przykłady pokażą kiedy użyć którego. |
|
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|
1156 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1157 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1158 Zdecyduj ile kanałów ma zostać wprowadzonych do <option>pan</option> (później |
|
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|
1159 dekodowane kanały zostaną porzucone). To jest pierwsza podopcja. Kontroluje ona |
|
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|
1160 także liczbę kanałów używanych jako wyjście. |
|
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|
1161 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1162 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1163 Pozostałe podopcje określają jak dużą część danego kanału zmiksować do kanału |
|
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|
1164 docelowego. To jest najbardziej skomplikowana część. Aby sprostać temu zadaniu, |
|
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|
1165 podzielmy podopcje na kilka grup, po jednej dla każdego kanału wyjściowego. |
|
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|
1166 Każda podopcja w zbiorze odpowiada pojedynczemu kanałowi wejściowemu. Liczba, |
|
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|
1167 którą podasz odpowiada części kanału wejściowego, która zostanie |
|
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|
1168 zmiksowana w kanale wyjściowym. |
|
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|
1169 </para> |
|
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|
1170 <para> |
|
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|
1171 <option>pan</option> akceptuje wartości od 0 do 512, co odpowiada wartościom od |
|
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|
1172 0% do 51200% oryginalnej głośności. Bądź ostrożny używając wartości większych od |
|
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|
1173 1. Może to spowodować nie tylko bardzo duże zwiększenie głośności, ale także, |
|
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|
1174 jeżeli przekroczysz zakres swojej karty muzycznej, możesz usłyszeć okropne trzaski. |
|
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|
1175 Jeżeli chcesz, możesz stosować <option>pan</option> z opcją <option>,volume</option>, |
|
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|
1176 co włączy obcinanie głośności, jednak najlepiej używać na tyle małych wartości |
|
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|
1177 parametrów <option>pan</option>, aby przycinanie nie było potrzebne. |
|
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|
1178 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1179 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1180 </para> |
|
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|
1181 |
|
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|
1182 <bridgehead>Przykład: jeden kanał w dwóch głośnikach</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1183 |
|
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|
1184 <para> |
|
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|
1185 Oto jeszcze jeden przykład, jak odtworzyć lewy kanał w dwóch głośnikach. |
|
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|
1186 Postępując zgodnie z krokami opisanymi powyżej: |
|
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|
1187 <orderedlist> |
|
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|
1188 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1189 <option>pan</option> powinien używać dwóch kanałów wyjściowych, więc pierwsza |
|
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|
1190 podopcja to "2". |
|
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|
1191 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1192 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1193 Ponieważ mamy dwa kanały wejściowe, będziemy mieli dwie grupy podopcji. |
|
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|
1194 Ponieważ używane są również dwa kanały wyjściowe, w każdej grupie będą po dwie |
|
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|
1195 podopcje. Lewy kanał z pliku powinien zostać skopiowany z pełną głośnością |
|
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|
1196 do nowych kanału: lewego i prawego. W związku z tym, pierwsza grupa podopcji |
|
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|
1197 to "1:1". Prawy kanał powinien zostać pominięty, zatem druga grupa to "0:0". |
|
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1198 Wszelkie zera na końcu listy podopcji mogą zostać pominiętę, ale dla przejrzystości |
|
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|
1199 przykładu, pozostawimy je. |
|
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|
1200 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1201 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1202 Po złączeniu wszystkich podopcji otrzymamy: |
|
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|
1203 |
|
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|
1204 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:1:0:0</screen> |
|
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|
1205 |
|
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|
1206 Jeżeli pożądanym kanałem jest prawy, a nie lewy, podopcje zmienią się na |
|
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|
1207 "2:0:0:1:1". |
|
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|
1208 </para> |
|
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|
1209 |
|
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|
1210 |
|
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|
1211 <bridgehead>Przykład: lewy kanał w dwóch głośnikach (skrót)</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1212 |
|
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|
1213 <para> |
|
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|
1214 Podobnie jak przy użyciu <option>channels</option>, istnieje skrót działający |
|
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|
1215 tylko z lewym kanałem: |
|
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|
1216 |
|
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changeset
|
1217 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>filename</replaceable> -af pan=1:1</screen> |
|
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|
1218 |
|
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|
1219 Jeżeli <option>pan</option> posiada tylko jeden kanał wejściowy (pozostałe kanały |
|
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|
1220 są pomijane), potrzebna jest tylko jedna grupa podopcji z jedną podopcją, która |
|
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diff
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|
1221 oznacza, że jedyny kanał będzie zawierał 100% siebie. |
|
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|
1222 </para> |
|
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|
1223 |
|
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|
1224 <bridgehead>Przykład: zmniejszanie liczy kanałów w 6-kanałowym PCM</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1225 <para> |
|
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|
1226 Dekoder 6-kanałowego PCM zawarty w <application>MPlayerze</application> nie potrafi |
|
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diff
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|
1227 zmniejszać liczby kanałów przez miksowanie. Oto metoda dokonania tego przy użyciu |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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diff
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|
1228 opcji <option>pan</option>: |
|
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|
1229 <orderedlist> |
|
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|
1230 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1231 Liczba kanałów wyjściowych to 2, więc pierwsza podopcja to "2". |
|
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|
1232 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1233 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1234 Jako, że mamy 6 kanałów wejściowych, musimy użyć sześciu grup opcji. |
|
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diff
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|
1235 Na szczęście, ponieważ interesują nas tylko dwa pierwsze kanały, możemy |
|
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|
1236 użyć tylko dwóch grup opcji; pozostałe cztery grupy mogą zostać pominięte. |
|
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|
1237 Pamiętaj, że nie wszystki wielokanałowe pliki audio posiadają ten sam porządek |
|
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|
1238 kanałów. Poniższy przykład pokazuje zmniejszanie liczby kanałów w pliku, w którym |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1239 kolejność kanałów jest taka, jak w AC3 5.1: |
|
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|
1240 <programlisting> |
|
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|
1241 0 - lewy przedni |
|
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|
1242 1 - prawy przedni |
|
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|
1243 2 - lewy tylny |
|
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|
1244 3 - prawy tylny |
|
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|
1245 4 - środkowy przedni |
|
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|
1246 5 - subwoofer (głośnik niskotonowy) |
|
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|
1247 </programlisting> |
|
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|
1248 Pierwsza grupa podopcji zawiera kolejne wartości oryginalnej głośności lewego |
|
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|
1249 przedniego kanału, które powinny być dostarczone do odpowiednich kanałów |
|
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|
1250 wyjściowych: "1:0". Prawy przedni kanał powinien zostać przeniesiony do |
|
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|
1251 prawego wyjściowego: "0:1". Analogicznie dla kanałów tylnych: "1:0" i "0:1". |
|
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|
1252 Kanał środkowy powinien zostać przeniesiony do obu kanałów wyjściowych z połową |
|
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|
1253 głośności: "0.5:0.5", zaś kanał głośnika niskotonowego powinien być słyszalny |
|
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|
1254 w obu kanałach wyjściowych z pełną głośnością: "1:1". |
|
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|
1255 |
|
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|
1256 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1257 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1258 Połącz wszystko razem, a otrzymasz: |
|
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|
1259 |
|
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|
1260 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>6-channel.wav</replaceable> -af pan=2:1:0:0:1:1:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:1:1</screen> |
|
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|
1261 |
|
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diff
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|
1262 Przedstawione powyżej głośności są tylko przybliżonym przykładem. Nie czuj się |
|
94dd11eb4dd9
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|
1263 nimi skrępowany i zmieniaj je zgodnie ze swoim uznaniem. |
|
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|
1264 </para> |
|
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|
1265 |
|
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|
1266 <bridgehead>Przykład: Odtwarzanie audio 5.1 przy pomocy dużych głośników, bez subwoofera</bridgehead> |
|
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|
1267 |
|
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|
1268 <para> |
|
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diff
changeset
|
1269 Jeżeli posiadasz parę dużych przednich głośników, możesz nie mieć ochoty |
|
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|
1270 tracić pieniędzy na dodatkowy głośnik niskotonowy, tylko po to, aby mieć |
|
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|
1271 kompletny system 5.1. Jeżeli użyjesz opcji <option>-channels 5</option>, |
|
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|
1272 przekażesz do lib52 informację, że ma dekodować audio 5.1 dla systemu 5.0. |
|
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|
1273 Tym sposobem kanał głośnika niskotonowego zostanie po prostu pominięty. |
|
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|
1274 Jeżeli chcesz rozdzielić kanał subwoofera samodzielnie, musisz dokonać ręcznego |
|
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|
1275 zmiksowania przy użyciu <option>pan</option>: |
|
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|
1276 |
|
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|
1277 <orderedlist> |
|
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|
1278 <listitem><para> |
|
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|
1279 Jako, że <option>pan</option> musi analizować wszystkie 6 kanałów, |
|
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|
1280 podaj opcję <option>-channels 6</option>, aby liba52 zdekodował je wszystkie. |
|
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|
1281 </para></listitem> |
|
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changeset
|
1282 <listitem><para> |
|
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changeset
|
1283 Ponieważ <option>pan</option> będzie używał pięciu kanałów wyjściowych, pierwsza |
|
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|
1284 podopcja to "5". |
|
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|
1285 </para></listitem> |
|
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changeset
|
1286 <listitem><para> |
|
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changeset
|
1287 Sześć kanałów wejściowych i pięć wyjściowych oznacza 6 grup po 5 podopcji. |
|
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|
1288 <itemizedlist spacing="compact"> |
|
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|
1289 <listitem><simpara> |
|
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|
1290 Lewy przedni kanał replikuje samego siebie: |
|
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|
1291 "1:0:0:0:0" |
|
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|
1292 </simpara></listitem> |
|
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|
1293 <listitem><simpara> |
|
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|
1294 Identycznie dla prawego przedniego kanału: |
|
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|
1295 "0:1:0:0:0" |
|
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|
1296 </simpara></listitem> |
|
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|
1297 <listitem><simpara> |
|
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|
1298 Tak samo dla lewego tylnego: |
|
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|
1299 "0:0:1:0:0" |
|
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|
1300 </simpara></listitem> |
|
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|
1301 <listitem><simpara> |
|
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|
1302 Oraz tak samo dla prawego tylnego: |
|
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|
1303 "0:0:0:1:0" |
|
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|
1304 </simpara></listitem> |
|
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|
1305 <listitem><simpara> |
|
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|
1306 Środkowy też: |
|
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|
1307 "0:0:0:0:1" |
|
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|
1308 </simpara></listitem> |
|
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|
1309 <listitem><simpara> |
|
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|
1310 Teraz musimy zdecydować, co zrobić z subwooferem. Na przykład możemy podzielić |
|
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|
1311 go po połowie na lewy przedni i prawy przedni: |
|
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|
1312 "0.5:0.5:0:0:0" |
|
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|
1313 </simpara></listitem> |
|
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|
1314 </itemizedlist> |
|
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|
1315 </para></listitem> |
|
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|
1316 </orderedlist> |
|
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|
1317 Po połączeniu wszystkich opcji otrzymasz: |
|
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|
1318 |
|
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|
1319 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>dvd://1</replaceable> -channels 6 -af pan=5:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0:0:0:0:1:0.5:0.5:0:0:0</screen> |
|
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|
1320 |
|
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|
1321 </para> |
|
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|
1322 |
|
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|
1323 </sect3> |
|
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|
1324 |
|
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|
1325 </sect2> |
|
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|
1326 |
|
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|
1327 |
|
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|
1328 <sect2 id="advaudio-volume"> |
|
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|
1329 <title>Programowa regulacja głośności</title> |
|
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|
1330 |
|
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|
1331 <para> |
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1332 Niekóre ścieżki audio są zbyt ciche aby można ich komfortowo słuchać bez |
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1333 wzmocnienia. Staje się to problemem, gdy Twój sprzęt audio nie potrafi wzmacniać |
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1334 sygnału. Opcja <option>-softvol</option> instruuje <application>MPlayera</application>, |
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1335 aby ten używał wewnętrznego miksera. Możesz wtedy używać klawiszy strojenia |
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1336 głośności (domyślnie <keycap>9</keycap> i <keycap>0</keycap>), aby uzyskać |
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1337 większe poziomy głośności. Pamiętaj, że nie omija to miksera Twojej karty |
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1338 muzycznej; <application>MPlayer</application> zwiększa tylko głośność sygnału |
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1339 przed przesłaniem go do Twojej karty. |
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1340 |
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1341 Poniższy przykład może być dobrym początkiem: |
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1342 |
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1343 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>cichy-plik</replaceable> -softvol -softvol-max 300</screen> |
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1344 |
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1345 Opcja <option>-softvol-max</option> określa maksymalny dozwolony poziom głośności, |
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1346 jako procent głośności oryginalnej. Przykładowo, <option>-softvol-max 200</option> |
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1347 pozwoli na maksymalne zwiększenie głośności do 200% głośności oryginalnej. |
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1348 |
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1349 Można bezpiecznie używać dużych parametrów <option>-softvol-max</option>; |
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1350 większa głośność nie zostanie użyta, jeżeli nie zwiększysz jej przy pomocy |
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1351 klawiszy regulacji głośności. Jedyną wadą stosowania większych wartości jest to, |
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1352 że, ponieważ <application>MPlayer</application> ustala głośność jako procent |
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1353 głośności maksymalnej, nie będziesz w stanie precyzyjnie kontrolować głośności |
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1354 przy pomocy klawiszy regulacji głośności. Użyj mniejszych wartości parametrów |
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1355 <option>-softvol-max</option> i/lub dodaj opcję <option>-volstep 1</option> |
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1356 aby uzyskać większą precyzję. |
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1357 </para> |
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1358 |
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1359 <para> |
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1360 Opcja <option>-softvol</option> operuje poprzez kontrolę filtru |
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1361 <option>volume</option>. Jeżeli chcesz odtwarzać plik z określoną głośnością, |
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1362 możesz podać opcję dla <option>volume</option> ręcznie: |
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1363 |
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1364 <screen>mplayer <replaceable>cichy-plik</replaceable> -af volume=10</screen> |
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1365 |
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1366 Pozwoli to na odtworzenie pliku z 10-decybelowym wzmocnieniem. Bądź ostrożny |
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1367 używając filtru <option>volume</option> - ustawiając zbyt dużą głośność możesz |
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1368 łatwo uszkodzić swój słuch. Zaczynaj od małych wartości i stopniowo zwiększaj je |
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1369 aż do uzyskania pożądanej głośności. Ponadto, jeżeli podasz zbyt dużą wartość, |
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1370 filtr <option>volume</option> może musieć przyciąć głośność, aby nie przesłać |
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1371 do karty muzycznej danych spoza akceptowalnego przez nią zakresu; będzie to |
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1372 powodować zniekształcenia dźwięku. |
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1373 </para> |
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1374 |
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1375 </sect2> |
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1376 |
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1377 </sect1> |
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1378 |
| 11176 | 1379 </chapter> |
