comparison DOCS/xml/it/encoding-guide.xml @ 29263:0f1b5b68af32

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29262:7d545a6b8aff

  Tuttavia, i codec più recenti che sono sotto pesante sviluppo possono avere
  problemi che non sono ancora stati scoperti, e che possono rovinare una
  codifica.
  Questo è semplicemente il contrappasso per usare la tecnologia di punta.
  </para>
  
  <para>
  Inoltre iniziare ad utilizzare un codec nuovo richiede l'utilizzo di un po'
  di tempo per familiarizzare con le sue opzioni, affinché tu sappia cosa
  impostare per ottenere la qualità dell'immagine voluta.
  </para>

  con ogni tipo di algoritmo furbo e codice SIMD in assembly.
  Per questo tendono a fornire il miglior rapporto tra qualità e tempo di
  codifica. Tuttavia, possono avere delle opzioni avanzate che, quando
  abilitate, rendono la codifica molto lenta fornendo poco guadagno.
  </para>
  
  <para>
  Se stai cercando di incrementare la velocità dovresti cercare di non
  modificare troppo le impostazioni di default del codec video (anche se
  dovresti comunque provare le altre opzioni che sono citate in altre sezioni
  di questa guida).
  </para>
  
  <para>
  Puoi tenere in considerazione anche la scelta di un codec che possa eseguire
  elaborazioni multi-thread, anche se ciò è utile solo per utenti di macchine
  con più di una CPU.
  MPEG-4 di <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> lo permette,

  relativa categoria di video. Come fare buoni rip di DVD o configurare bene
  <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> per la massima qualità
  non è lo scopo di questa documentazione.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  Ci sono alcune note a piè di pagina specifiche di questa guida, così 
  indicate:
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>

</para>

<para>
Spesso e volentieri capita che un video che sembra progressivo contenga anche
alcune brevi parti di telecine mescolate. A meno che tu non sia sicuro,
conviene trattare il video come 
<link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">progressivo e telecine mescolati</link>.
Il calo di prestazioni è piccolo
<link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[3]</link>.
</para>
</sect3>

  essere seguita dal filtro <option>softskip</option> altrimenti
  <application>MEncoder</application> andrà in crash.
  <option>pullup</option> è tuttavia il modo migliore e più preciso disponibile
  per codificare sia telecine che "progressivo e telecine mescolati".
  <screen>
mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -vf pullup,softskip 
    -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001<!--
  --></screen>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  Un metodo più vecchio, invece di togliere il telecine dove c'è, è portare

  <para>
  <emphasis role="bold">me</emphasis>:
  This option is for choosing the motion estimation search method.
  Altering this option provides a straightforward quality-vs-speed
  tradeoff. <option>me=dia</option> is only a few percent faster than
  the default search, at a cost of under 0.1dB global PSNR. The 
  default setting (<option>me=hex</option>) is a reasonable tradeoff
  between speed and quality. <option>me=umh</option> gains a little under
  0.1dB global PSNR, with a speed penalty that varies depending on
  <option>frameref</option>.  At high values of
  <option>frameref</option> (e.g. 12 or so), <option>me=umh</option>

  this will hurt quality/bitrate slightly. If you care only about quality
  and not about seekability, you can set it to much higher values
  (understanding that there are diminishing returns which may become
  vanishingly low, or even zero). The video stream will still have seekable
  points as long as there are some scene changes.
</para></listitem> 
<listitem>
  <para>
  <emphasis role="bold">deblock</emphasis>:
  This topic is going to be a bit controversial.
  </para>

To encode with the Video for Windows codecs, you will need to set bitrate
and other options. This is known to work on x86 on both *NIX and Windows.
</para>
<para>
First you must build the <application>vfw2menc</application> program.
It is located in the <filename class="directory">TOOLS</filename> subdirectory 
of the MPlayer source tree.
To build on Linux, this can be done using <application>Wine</application>:
<screen>winegcc vfw2menc.c -o vfw2menc -lwinmm -lole32</screen>

To build on Windows in <application>MinGW</application> or 
<application>Cygwin</application> use:
<screen>gcc vfw2menc.c -o vfw2menc.exe -lwinmm -lole32</screen>

To build on <application>MSVC</application> you will need getopt.
Getopt can be found in the original <application>vfw2menc</application> 
archive available at:
The <ulink url="http://oss.netfarm.it/mplayer-win32.php">MPlayer on win32</ulink> project.
</para>
<informalexample>
<para>
Below is an example with the VP6 codec.
<screen>
vfw2menc -f VP62 -d vp6vfw.dll -s firstpass.mcf
</screen>
This will open the VP6 codec dialog window. 
Repeat this step for the second pass
and use <option>-s <replaceable>secondpass.mcf</replaceable></option>.
</para>
</informalexample>
<para>
Windows users can use 
<option>-xvfwopts codec=vp6vfw.dll:compdata=dialog</option> to have
the codec dialog display before encoding starts.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>

<title>Adding metadata tags</title>

<para>
  If you want to add tags to your video that show up in iTunes, you can use
  <ulink url="http://atomicparsley.sourceforge.net/">AtomicParsley</ulink>.
  
  <screen>AtomicParsley narnia.mp4 --metaEnema --title "The Chronicles of Narnia" --year 2005 --stik Movie --freefree --overWrite</screen>

  The <option>--metaEnema</option> option removes any existing metadata
  (<application>mp4creator</application> inserts its name in the 
  "encoding tool" tag), and <option>--freefree</option> reclaims the
  space from the deleted metadata.
  The <option>--stik</option> option sets the type of video (such as Movie
  or TV Show), which iTunes uses to group related video files.
  The <option>--overWrite</option> option overwrites the original file;

</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
  <entry>NTSC DVD</entry>
  <entry>720x480, 704x480, 352x480, 352x240</entry> 
  <entry>MPEG-2</entry>
  <entry>9800 kbps</entry>
  <entry>48000 Hz</entry>
  <entry>AC-3,PCM</entry>
  <entry>1536 kbps (max)</entry>

</row>
<row>
  <entry>NTSC DVD</entry>
  <entry>352x240<footnote id='fn-rare-resolutions'><para>
  These resolutions are rarely used for DVDs because
  they are fairly low quality.</para></footnote></entry> 
  <entry>MPEG-1</entry>
  <entry>1856 kbps</entry>
  <entry>48000 Hz</entry>
  <entry>AC-3,PCM</entry>
  <entry>1536 kbps (max)</entry>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-constraints-gop">
<title>GOP Size Constraints</title>

<para>
DVD, VCD, and SVCD also constrain you to relatively low 
GOP (Group of Pictures) sizes.
For 30 fps material the largest allowed GOP size is 18.
For 25 or 24 fps, the maximum is 15.
The GOP size is set using the <option>keyint</option> option.
</para>

<para>
VCD video is required to be CBR at 1152 kbps.
This highly limiting constraint also comes along with an extremly low vbv
buffer size of 327 kilobits.
SVCD allows varying video bitrates up to 2500 kbps, and a somewhat less 
restrictive vbv buffer size of 917 kilobits is allowed.
DVD video bitrates may range anywhere up to 9800 kbps (though typical
bitrates are about half that), and the vbv buffer size is 1835 kilobits.
</para>
</sect3>

</para>

<para>
DVD with NTSC Pullup:
<screen>-of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:tsaf:telecine -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
This allows 24000/1001 fps progressive content to be encoded at 30000/1001 
fps whilst maintaing DVD-compliance.
</para>


<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-output-aspect">

<title>Sample Rate Conversion</title>

<para>
If the audio sample rate in the original file is not the same as
required by the target format, sample rate conversion is required.
This is achieved using the <option>-srate</option> option and 
the <option>-af lavcresample</option> audio filter together.
</para>

<para>
DVD:

<listitem><para>
  <emphasis role="bold">keyint</emphasis>:
  Used to set the GOP size.
  18 for 30fps material, or 15 for 25/24 fps material.
  Commercial producers seem to prefer keyframe intervals of 12.
  It is possible to make this much larger and still retain compatibility 
  with most players.
  A <option>keyint</option> of 25 should never cause any problems.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  <emphasis role="bold">vrc_buf_size</emphasis>:

29263:0f1b5b68af32

  Tuttavia, i codec più recenti che sono sotto pesante sviluppo possono avere
  problemi che non sono ancora stati scoperti, e che possono rovinare una
  codifica.
  Questo è semplicemente il contrappasso per usare la tecnologia di punta.
  </para>

  <para>
  Inoltre iniziare ad utilizzare un codec nuovo richiede l'utilizzo di un po'
  di tempo per familiarizzare con le sue opzioni, affinché tu sappia cosa
  impostare per ottenere la qualità dell'immagine voluta.
  </para>

  con ogni tipo di algoritmo furbo e codice SIMD in assembly.
  Per questo tendono a fornire il miglior rapporto tra qualità e tempo di
  codifica. Tuttavia, possono avere delle opzioni avanzate che, quando
  abilitate, rendono la codifica molto lenta fornendo poco guadagno.
  </para>

  <para>
  Se stai cercando di incrementare la velocità dovresti cercare di non
  modificare troppo le impostazioni di default del codec video (anche se
  dovresti comunque provare le altre opzioni che sono citate in altre sezioni
  di questa guida).
  </para>

  <para>
  Puoi tenere in considerazione anche la scelta di un codec che possa eseguire
  elaborazioni multi-thread, anche se ciò è utile solo per utenti di macchine
  con più di una CPU.
  MPEG-4 di <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> lo permette,

  relativa categoria di video. Come fare buoni rip di DVD o configurare bene
  <systemitem class="library">libavcodec</systemitem> per la massima qualità
  non è lo scopo di questa documentazione.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  Ci sono alcune note a piè di pagina specifiche di questa guida, così
  indicate:
  <link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[1]</link>
</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>

</para>

<para>
Spesso e volentieri capita che un video che sembra progressivo contenga anche
alcune brevi parti di telecine mescolate. A meno che tu non sia sicuro,
conviene trattare il video come
<link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-encode-mixedpt">progressivo e telecine mescolati</link>.
Il calo di prestazioni è piccolo
<link linkend="menc-feat-telecine-footnotes">[3]</link>.
</para>
</sect3>

  essere seguita dal filtro <option>softskip</option> altrimenti
  <application>MEncoder</application> andrà in crash.
  <option>pullup</option> è tuttavia il modo migliore e più preciso disponibile
  per codificare sia telecine che "progressivo e telecine mescolati".
  <screen>
mencoder dvd://1 -oac copy -vf pullup,softskip
    -ovc lavc -ofps 24000/1001<!--
  --></screen>
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  Un metodo più vecchio, invece di togliere il telecine dove c'è, è portare

  <para>
  <emphasis role="bold">me</emphasis>:
  This option is for choosing the motion estimation search method.
  Altering this option provides a straightforward quality-vs-speed
  tradeoff. <option>me=dia</option> is only a few percent faster than
  the default search, at a cost of under 0.1dB global PSNR. The
  default setting (<option>me=hex</option>) is a reasonable tradeoff
  between speed and quality. <option>me=umh</option> gains a little under
  0.1dB global PSNR, with a speed penalty that varies depending on
  <option>frameref</option>.  At high values of
  <option>frameref</option> (e.g. 12 or so), <option>me=umh</option>

  this will hurt quality/bitrate slightly. If you care only about quality
  and not about seekability, you can set it to much higher values
  (understanding that there are diminishing returns which may become
  vanishingly low, or even zero). The video stream will still have seekable
  points as long as there are some scene changes.
</para></listitem>
<listitem>
  <para>
  <emphasis role="bold">deblock</emphasis>:
  This topic is going to be a bit controversial.
  </para>

To encode with the Video for Windows codecs, you will need to set bitrate
and other options. This is known to work on x86 on both *NIX and Windows.
</para>
<para>
First you must build the <application>vfw2menc</application> program.
It is located in the <filename class="directory">TOOLS</filename> subdirectory
of the MPlayer source tree.
To build on Linux, this can be done using <application>Wine</application>:
<screen>winegcc vfw2menc.c -o vfw2menc -lwinmm -lole32</screen>

To build on Windows in <application>MinGW</application> or
<application>Cygwin</application> use:
<screen>gcc vfw2menc.c -o vfw2menc.exe -lwinmm -lole32</screen>

To build on <application>MSVC</application> you will need getopt.
Getopt can be found in the original <application>vfw2menc</application>
archive available at:
The <ulink url="http://oss.netfarm.it/mplayer-win32.php">MPlayer on win32</ulink> project.
</para>
<informalexample>
<para>
Below is an example with the VP6 codec.
<screen>
vfw2menc -f VP62 -d vp6vfw.dll -s firstpass.mcf
</screen>
This will open the VP6 codec dialog window.
Repeat this step for the second pass
and use <option>-s <replaceable>secondpass.mcf</replaceable></option>.
</para>
</informalexample>
<para>
Windows users can use
<option>-xvfwopts codec=vp6vfw.dll:compdata=dialog</option> to have
the codec dialog display before encoding starts.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>

<title>Adding metadata tags</title>

<para>
  If you want to add tags to your video that show up in iTunes, you can use
  <ulink url="http://atomicparsley.sourceforge.net/">AtomicParsley</ulink>.

  <screen>AtomicParsley narnia.mp4 --metaEnema --title "The Chronicles of Narnia" --year 2005 --stik Movie --freefree --overWrite</screen>

  The <option>--metaEnema</option> option removes any existing metadata
  (<application>mp4creator</application> inserts its name in the
  "encoding tool" tag), and <option>--freefree</option> reclaims the
  space from the deleted metadata.
  The <option>--stik</option> option sets the type of video (such as Movie
  or TV Show), which iTunes uses to group related video files.
  The <option>--overWrite</option> option overwrites the original file;

</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
  <entry>NTSC DVD</entry>
  <entry>720x480, 704x480, 352x480, 352x240</entry>
  <entry>MPEG-2</entry>
  <entry>9800 kbps</entry>
  <entry>48000 Hz</entry>
  <entry>AC-3,PCM</entry>
  <entry>1536 kbps (max)</entry>

</row>
<row>
  <entry>NTSC DVD</entry>
  <entry>352x240<footnote id='fn-rare-resolutions'><para>
  These resolutions are rarely used for DVDs because
  they are fairly low quality.</para></footnote></entry>
  <entry>MPEG-1</entry>
  <entry>1856 kbps</entry>
  <entry>48000 Hz</entry>
  <entry>AC-3,PCM</entry>
  <entry>1536 kbps (max)</entry>

<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-constraints-gop">
<title>GOP Size Constraints</title>

<para>
DVD, VCD, and SVCD also constrain you to relatively low
GOP (Group of Pictures) sizes.
For 30 fps material the largest allowed GOP size is 18.
For 25 or 24 fps, the maximum is 15.
The GOP size is set using the <option>keyint</option> option.
</para>

<para>
VCD video is required to be CBR at 1152 kbps.
This highly limiting constraint also comes along with an extremly low vbv
buffer size of 327 kilobits.
SVCD allows varying video bitrates up to 2500 kbps, and a somewhat less
restrictive vbv buffer size of 917 kilobits is allowed.
DVD video bitrates may range anywhere up to 9800 kbps (though typical
bitrates are about half that), and the vbv buffer size is 1835 kilobits.
</para>
</sect3>

</para>

<para>
DVD with NTSC Pullup:
<screen>-of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:tsaf:telecine -ofps 24000/1001</screen>
This allows 24000/1001 fps progressive content to be encoded at 30000/1001
fps whilst maintaing DVD-compliance.
</para>


<sect3 id="menc-feat-vcd-dvd-output-aspect">

<title>Sample Rate Conversion</title>

<para>
If the audio sample rate in the original file is not the same as
required by the target format, sample rate conversion is required.
This is achieved using the <option>-srate</option> option and
the <option>-af lavcresample</option> audio filter together.
</para>

<para>
DVD:

<listitem><para>
  <emphasis role="bold">keyint</emphasis>:
  Used to set the GOP size.
  18 for 30fps material, or 15 for 25/24 fps material.
  Commercial producers seem to prefer keyframe intervals of 12.
  It is possible to make this much larger and still retain compatibility
  with most players.
  A <option>keyint</option> of 25 should never cause any problems.
</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>
  <emphasis role="bold">vrc_buf_size</emphasis>: