annotate alsdec.c @ 11864:7204cb7dd601 libavcodec

Quant changes only once per MB so move the corresponding scale factor assignment out of the block decoding loop. Indeo4 doesn't use any scale table but the quant level itself as scale. Therefore access scale table only if its pointer != NULL.

/*
 * MPEG-4 ALS decoder
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Thilo Borgmann <thilo.borgmann _at_ googlemail.com>
 *
 * This file is part of FFmpeg.
 *
 * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

/**
 * @file
 * MPEG-4 ALS decoder
 * @author Thilo Borgmann <thilo.borgmann _at_ googlemail.com>
 */


//#define DEBUG


#include "avcodec.h"
#include "get_bits.h"
#include "unary.h"
#include "mpeg4audio.h"
#include "bytestream.h"
#include "bgmc.h"

#include <stdint.h>

/** Rice parameters and corresponding index offsets for decoding the
 *  indices of scaled PARCOR values. The table choosen is set globally
 *  by the encoder and stored in ALSSpecificConfig.
 */
static const int8_t parcor_rice_table[3][20][2] = {
    { {-52, 4}, {-29, 5}, {-31, 4}, { 19, 4}, {-16, 4},
      { 12, 3}, { -7, 3}, {  9, 3}, { -5, 3}, {  6, 3},
      { -4, 3}, {  3, 3}, { -3, 2}, {  3, 2}, { -2, 2},
      {  3, 2}, { -1, 2}, {  2, 2}, { -1, 2}, {  2, 2} },
    { {-58, 3}, {-42, 4}, {-46, 4}, { 37, 5}, {-36, 4},
      { 29, 4}, {-29, 4}, { 25, 4}, {-23, 4}, { 20, 4},
      {-17, 4}, { 16, 4}, {-12, 4}, { 12, 3}, {-10, 4},
      {  7, 3}, { -4, 4}, {  3, 3}, { -1, 3}, {  1, 3} },
    { {-59, 3}, {-45, 5}, {-50, 4}, { 38, 4}, {-39, 4},
      { 32, 4}, {-30, 4}, { 25, 3}, {-23, 3}, { 20, 3},
      {-20, 3}, { 16, 3}, {-13, 3}, { 10, 3}, { -7, 3},
      {  3, 3}, {  0, 3}, { -1, 3}, {  2, 3}, { -1, 2} }
};


/** Scaled PARCOR values used for the first two PARCOR coefficients.
 *  To be indexed by the Rice coded indices.
 *  Generated by: parcor_scaled_values[i] = 32 + ((i * (i+1)) << 7) - (1 << 20)
 *  Actual values are divided by 32 in order to be stored in 16 bits.
 */
static const int16_t parcor_scaled_values[] = {
    -1048544 / 32, -1048288 / 32, -1047776 / 32, -1047008 / 32,
    -1045984 / 32, -1044704 / 32, -1043168 / 32, -1041376 / 32,
    -1039328 / 32, -1037024 / 32, -1034464 / 32, -1031648 / 32,
    -1028576 / 32, -1025248 / 32, -1021664 / 32, -1017824 / 32,
    -1013728 / 32, -1009376 / 32, -1004768 / 32,  -999904 / 32,
     -994784 / 32,  -989408 / 32,  -983776 / 32,  -977888 / 32,
     -971744 / 32,  -965344 / 32,  -958688 / 32,  -951776 / 32,
     -944608 / 32,  -937184 / 32,  -929504 / 32,  -921568 / 32,
     -913376 / 32,  -904928 / 32,  -896224 / 32,  -887264 / 32,
     -878048 / 32,  -868576 / 32,  -858848 / 32,  -848864 / 32,
     -838624 / 32,  -828128 / 32,  -817376 / 32,  -806368 / 32,
     -795104 / 32,  -783584 / 32,  -771808 / 32,  -759776 / 32,
     -747488 / 32,  -734944 / 32,  -722144 / 32,  -709088 / 32,
     -695776 / 32,  -682208 / 32,  -668384 / 32,  -654304 / 32,
     -639968 / 32,  -625376 / 32,  -610528 / 32,  -595424 / 32,
     -580064 / 32,  -564448 / 32,  -548576 / 32,  -532448 / 32,
     -516064 / 32,  -499424 / 32,  -482528 / 32,  -465376 / 32,
     -447968 / 32,  -430304 / 32,  -412384 / 32,  -394208 / 32,
     -375776 / 32,  -357088 / 32,  -338144 / 32,  -318944 / 32,
     -299488 / 32,  -279776 / 32,  -259808 / 32,  -239584 / 32,
     -219104 / 32,  -198368 / 32,  -177376 / 32,  -156128 / 32,
     -134624 / 32,  -112864 / 32,   -90848 / 32,   -68576 / 32,
      -46048 / 32,   -23264 / 32,     -224 / 32,    23072 / 32,
       46624 / 32,    70432 / 32,    94496 / 32,   118816 / 32,
      143392 / 32,   168224 / 32,   193312 / 32,   218656 / 32,
      244256 / 32,   270112 / 32,   296224 / 32,   322592 / 32,
      349216 / 32,   376096 / 32,   403232 / 32,   430624 / 32,
      458272 / 32,   486176 / 32,   514336 / 32,   542752 / 32,
      571424 / 32,   600352 / 32,   629536 / 32,   658976 / 32,
      688672 / 32,   718624 / 32,   748832 / 32,   779296 / 32,
      810016 / 32,   840992 / 32,   872224 / 32,   903712 / 32,
      935456 / 32,   967456 / 32,   999712 / 32,  1032224 / 32
};


/** Gain values of p(0) for long-term prediction.
 *  To be indexed by the Rice coded indices.
 */
static const uint8_t ltp_gain_values [4][4] = {
    { 0,  8, 16,  24},
    {32, 40, 48,  56},
    {64, 70, 76,  82},
    {88, 92, 96, 100}
};


/** Inter-channel weighting factors for multi-channel correlation.
 *  To be indexed by the Rice coded indices.
 */
static const int16_t mcc_weightings[] = {
    204,  192,  179,  166,  153,  140,  128,  115,
    102,   89,   76,   64,   51,   38,   25,   12,
      0,  -12,  -25,  -38,  -51,  -64,  -76,  -89,
   -102, -115, -128, -140, -153, -166, -179, -192
};


/** Tail codes used in arithmetic coding using block Gilbert-Moore codes.
 */
static const uint8_t tail_code[16][6] = {
    { 74, 44, 25, 13,  7, 3},
    { 68, 42, 24, 13,  7, 3},
    { 58, 39, 23, 13,  7, 3},
    {126, 70, 37, 19, 10, 5},
    {132, 70, 37, 20, 10, 5},
    {124, 70, 38, 20, 10, 5},
    {120, 69, 37, 20, 11, 5},
    {116, 67, 37, 20, 11, 5},
    {108, 66, 36, 20, 10, 5},
    {102, 62, 36, 20, 10, 5},
    { 88, 58, 34, 19, 10, 5},
    {162, 89, 49, 25, 13, 7},
    {156, 87, 49, 26, 14, 7},
    {150, 86, 47, 26, 14, 7},
    {142, 84, 47, 26, 14, 7},
    {131, 79, 46, 26, 14, 7}
};


enum RA_Flag {
    RA_FLAG_NONE,
    RA_FLAG_FRAMES,
    RA_FLAG_HEADER
};


typedef struct {
    uint32_t samples;         ///< number of samples, 0xFFFFFFFF if unknown
    int resolution;           ///< 000 = 8-bit; 001 = 16-bit; 010 = 24-bit; 011 = 32-bit
    int floating;             ///< 1 = IEEE 32-bit floating-point, 0 = integer
    int frame_length;         ///< frame length for each frame (last frame may differ)
    int ra_distance;          ///< distance between RA frames (in frames, 0...255)
    enum RA_Flag ra_flag;     ///< indicates where the size of ra units is stored
    int adapt_order;          ///< adaptive order: 1 = on, 0 = off
    int coef_table;           ///< table index of Rice code parameters
    int long_term_prediction; ///< long term prediction (LTP): 1 = on, 0 = off
    int max_order;            ///< maximum prediction order (0..1023)
    int block_switching;      ///< number of block switching levels
    int bgmc;                 ///< "Block Gilbert-Moore Code": 1 = on, 0 = off (Rice coding only)
    int sb_part;              ///< sub-block partition
    int joint_stereo;         ///< joint stereo: 1 = on, 0 = off
    int mc_coding;            ///< extended inter-channel coding (multi channel coding): 1 = on, 0 = off
    int chan_config;          ///< indicates that a chan_config_info field is present
    int chan_sort;            ///< channel rearrangement: 1 = on, 0 = off
    int rlslms;               ///< use "Recursive Least Square-Least Mean Square" predictor: 1 = on, 0 = off
    int chan_config_info;     ///< mapping of channels to loudspeaker locations. Unused until setting channel configuration is implemented.
    int *chan_pos;            ///< original channel positions
} ALSSpecificConfig;


typedef struct {
    int stop_flag;
    int master_channel;
    int time_diff_flag;
    int time_diff_sign;
    int time_diff_index;
    int weighting[6];
} ALSChannelData;


typedef struct {
    AVCodecContext *avctx;
    ALSSpecificConfig sconf;
    GetBitContext gb;
    unsigned int cur_frame_length;  ///< length of the current frame to decode
    unsigned int frame_id;          ///< the frame ID / number of the current frame
    unsigned int js_switch;         ///< if true, joint-stereo decoding is enforced
    unsigned int num_blocks;        ///< number of blocks used in the current frame
    unsigned int s_max;             ///< maximum Rice parameter allowed in entropy coding
    uint8_t *bgmc_lut;              ///< pointer at lookup tables used for BGMC
    unsigned int *bgmc_lut_status;  ///< pointer at lookup table status flags used for BGMC
    int ltp_lag_length;             ///< number of bits used for ltp lag value
    int *use_ltp;                   ///< contains use_ltp flags for all channels
    int *ltp_lag;                   ///< contains ltp lag values for all channels
    int **ltp_gain;                 ///< gain values for ltp 5-tap filter for a channel
    int *ltp_gain_buffer;           ///< contains all gain values for ltp 5-tap filter
    int32_t **quant_cof;            ///< quantized parcor coefficients for a channel
    int32_t *quant_cof_buffer;      ///< contains all quantized parcor coefficients
    int32_t **lpc_cof;              ///< coefficients of the direct form prediction filter for a channel
    int32_t *lpc_cof_buffer;        ///< contains all coefficients of the direct form prediction filter
    int32_t *lpc_cof_reversed_buffer; ///< temporary buffer to set up a reversed versio of lpc_cof_buffer
    ALSChannelData **chan_data;     ///< channel data for multi-channel correlation
    ALSChannelData *chan_data_buffer; ///< contains channel data for all channels
    int *reverted_channels;         ///< stores a flag for each reverted channel
    int32_t *prev_raw_samples;      ///< contains unshifted raw samples from the previous block
    int32_t **raw_samples;          ///< decoded raw samples for each channel
    int32_t *raw_buffer;            ///< contains all decoded raw samples including carryover samples
} ALSDecContext;


typedef struct {
    unsigned int block_length;      ///< number of samples within the block
    unsigned int ra_block;          ///< if true, this is a random access block
    int          const_block;       ///< if true, this is a constant value block
    int32_t      const_val;         ///< the sample value of a constant block
    int          js_blocks;         ///< true if this block contains a difference signal
    unsigned int shift_lsbs;        ///< shift of values for this block
    unsigned int opt_order;         ///< prediction order of this block
    int          store_prev_samples;///< if true, carryover samples have to be stored
    int          *use_ltp;          ///< if true, long-term prediction is used
    int          *ltp_lag;          ///< lag value for long-term prediction
    int          *ltp_gain;         ///< gain values for ltp 5-tap filter
    int32_t      *quant_cof;        ///< quantized parcor coefficients
    int32_t      *lpc_cof;          ///< coefficients of the direct form prediction
    int32_t      *raw_samples;      ///< decoded raw samples / residuals for this block
    int32_t      *prev_raw_samples; ///< contains unshifted raw samples from the previous block
    int32_t      *raw_other;        ///< decoded raw samples of the other channel of a channel pair
} ALSBlockData;


static av_cold void dprint_specific_config(ALSDecContext *ctx)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
    AVCodecContext *avctx    = ctx->avctx;
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;

    dprintf(avctx, "resolution = %i\n",           sconf->resolution);
    dprintf(avctx, "floating = %i\n",             sconf->floating);
    dprintf(avctx, "frame_length = %i\n",         sconf->frame_length);
    dprintf(avctx, "ra_distance = %i\n",          sconf->ra_distance);
    dprintf(avctx, "ra_flag = %i\n",              sconf->ra_flag);
    dprintf(avctx, "adapt_order = %i\n",          sconf->adapt_order);
    dprintf(avctx, "coef_table = %i\n",           sconf->coef_table);
    dprintf(avctx, "long_term_prediction = %i\n", sconf->long_term_prediction);
    dprintf(avctx, "max_order = %i\n",            sconf->max_order);
    dprintf(avctx, "block_switching = %i\n",      sconf->block_switching);
    dprintf(avctx, "bgmc = %i\n",                 sconf->bgmc);
    dprintf(avctx, "sb_part = %i\n",              sconf->sb_part);
    dprintf(avctx, "joint_stereo = %i\n",         sconf->joint_stereo);
    dprintf(avctx, "mc_coding = %i\n",            sconf->mc_coding);
    dprintf(avctx, "chan_config = %i\n",          sconf->chan_config);
    dprintf(avctx, "chan_sort = %i\n",            sconf->chan_sort);
    dprintf(avctx, "RLSLMS = %i\n",               sconf->rlslms);
    dprintf(avctx, "chan_config_info = %i\n",     sconf->chan_config_info);
#endif
}


/** Reads an ALSSpecificConfig from a buffer into the output struct.
 */
static av_cold int read_specific_config(ALSDecContext *ctx)
{
    GetBitContext gb;
    uint64_t ht_size;
    int i, config_offset, crc_enabled;
    MPEG4AudioConfig m4ac;
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    AVCodecContext *avctx    = ctx->avctx;
    uint32_t als_id, header_size, trailer_size;

    init_get_bits(&gb, avctx->extradata, avctx->extradata_size * 8);

    config_offset = ff_mpeg4audio_get_config(&m4ac, avctx->extradata,
                                             avctx->extradata_size);

    if (config_offset < 0)
        return -1;

    skip_bits_long(&gb, config_offset);

    if (get_bits_left(&gb) < (30 << 3))
        return -1;

    // read the fixed items
    als_id                      = get_bits_long(&gb, 32);
    avctx->sample_rate          = m4ac.sample_rate;
    skip_bits_long(&gb, 32); // sample rate already known
    sconf->samples              = get_bits_long(&gb, 32);
    avctx->channels             = m4ac.channels;
    skip_bits(&gb, 16);      // number of channels already knwon
    skip_bits(&gb, 3);       // skip file_type
    sconf->resolution           = get_bits(&gb, 3);
    sconf->floating             = get_bits1(&gb);
    skip_bits1(&gb);         // skip msb_first
    sconf->frame_length         = get_bits(&gb, 16) + 1;
    sconf->ra_distance          = get_bits(&gb, 8);
    sconf->ra_flag              = get_bits(&gb, 2);
    sconf->adapt_order          = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->coef_table           = get_bits(&gb, 2);
    sconf->long_term_prediction = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->max_order            = get_bits(&gb, 10);
    sconf->block_switching      = get_bits(&gb, 2);
    sconf->bgmc                 = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->sb_part              = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->joint_stereo         = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->mc_coding            = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->chan_config          = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->chan_sort            = get_bits1(&gb);
    crc_enabled                 = get_bits1(&gb);
    sconf->rlslms               = get_bits1(&gb);
    skip_bits(&gb, 5);       // skip 5 reserved bits
    skip_bits1(&gb);         // skip aux_data_enabled


    // check for ALSSpecificConfig struct
    if (als_id != MKBETAG('A','L','S','\0'))
        return -1;

    ctx->cur_frame_length = sconf->frame_length;

    // read channel config
    if (sconf->chan_config)
        sconf->chan_config_info = get_bits(&gb, 16);
    // TODO: use this to set avctx->channel_layout


    // read channel sorting
    if (sconf->chan_sort && avctx->channels > 1) {
        int chan_pos_bits = av_ceil_log2(avctx->channels);
        int bits_needed  = avctx->channels * chan_pos_bits + 7;
        if (get_bits_left(&gb) < bits_needed)
            return -1;

        if (!(sconf->chan_pos = av_malloc(avctx->channels * sizeof(*sconf->chan_pos))))
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

        for (i = 0; i < avctx->channels; i++)
            sconf->chan_pos[i] = get_bits(&gb, chan_pos_bits);

        align_get_bits(&gb);
        // TODO: use this to actually do channel sorting
    } else {
        sconf->chan_sort = 0;
    }


    // read fixed header and trailer sizes,
    // if size = 0xFFFFFFFF then there is no data field!
    if (get_bits_left(&gb) < 64)
        return -1;

    header_size  = get_bits_long(&gb, 32);
    trailer_size = get_bits_long(&gb, 32);
    if (header_size  == 0xFFFFFFFF)
        header_size  = 0;
    if (trailer_size == 0xFFFFFFFF)
        trailer_size = 0;

    ht_size = ((int64_t)(header_size) + (int64_t)(trailer_size)) << 3;


    // skip the header and trailer data
    if (get_bits_left(&gb) < ht_size)
        return -1;

    if (ht_size > INT32_MAX)
        return -1;

    skip_bits_long(&gb, ht_size);


    // skip the crc data
    if (crc_enabled) {
        if (get_bits_left(&gb) < 32)
            return -1;

        skip_bits_long(&gb, 32);
    }


    // no need to read the rest of ALSSpecificConfig (ra_unit_size & aux data)

    dprint_specific_config(ctx);

    return 0;
}


/** Checks the ALSSpecificConfig for unsupported features.
 */
static int check_specific_config(ALSDecContext *ctx)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    int error = 0;

    // report unsupported feature and set error value
    #define MISSING_ERR(cond, str, errval)              \
    {                                                   \
        if (cond) {                                     \
            av_log_missing_feature(ctx->avctx, str, 0); \
            error = errval;                             \
        }                                               \
    }

    MISSING_ERR(sconf->floating,             "Floating point decoding",     -1);
    MISSING_ERR(sconf->rlslms,               "Adaptive RLS-LMS prediction", -1);
    MISSING_ERR(sconf->chan_sort,            "Channel sorting",              0);

    return error;
}


/** Parses the bs_info field to extract the block partitioning used in
 *  block switching mode, refer to ISO/IEC 14496-3, section 11.6.2.
 */
static void parse_bs_info(const uint32_t bs_info, unsigned int n,
                          unsigned int div, unsigned int **div_blocks,
                          unsigned int *num_blocks)
{
    if (n < 31 && ((bs_info << n) & 0x40000000)) {
        // if the level is valid and the investigated bit n is set
        // then recursively check both children at bits (2n+1) and (2n+2)
        n   *= 2;
        div += 1;
        parse_bs_info(bs_info, n + 1, div, div_blocks, num_blocks);
        parse_bs_info(bs_info, n + 2, div, div_blocks, num_blocks);
    } else {
        // else the bit is not set or the last level has been reached
        // (bit implicitly not set)
        **div_blocks = div;
        (*div_blocks)++;
        (*num_blocks)++;
    }
}


/** Reads and decodes a Rice codeword.
 */
static int32_t decode_rice(GetBitContext *gb, unsigned int k)
{
    int max = get_bits_left(gb) - k;
    int q   = get_unary(gb, 0, max);
    int r   = k ? get_bits1(gb) : !(q & 1);

    if (k > 1) {
        q <<= (k - 1);
        q  += get_bits_long(gb, k - 1);
    } else if (!k) {
        q >>= 1;
    }
    return r ? q : ~q;
}


/** Converts PARCOR coefficient k to direct filter coefficient.
 */
static void parcor_to_lpc(unsigned int k, const int32_t *par, int32_t *cof)
{
    int i, j;

    for (i = 0, j = k - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
        int tmp1 = ((MUL64(par[k], cof[j]) + (1 << 19)) >> 20);
        cof[j]  += ((MUL64(par[k], cof[i]) + (1 << 19)) >> 20);
        cof[i]  += tmp1;
    }
    if (i == j)
        cof[i] += ((MUL64(par[k], cof[j]) + (1 << 19)) >> 20);

    cof[k] = par[k];
}


/** Reads block switching field if necessary and sets actual block sizes.
 *  Also assures that the block sizes of the last frame correspond to the
 *  actual number of samples.
 */
static void get_block_sizes(ALSDecContext *ctx, unsigned int *div_blocks,
                            uint32_t *bs_info)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf     = &ctx->sconf;
    GetBitContext *gb            = &ctx->gb;
    unsigned int *ptr_div_blocks = div_blocks;
    unsigned int b;

    if (sconf->block_switching) {
        unsigned int bs_info_len = 1 << (sconf->block_switching + 2);
        *bs_info = get_bits_long(gb, bs_info_len);
        *bs_info <<= (32 - bs_info_len);
    }

    ctx->num_blocks = 0;
    parse_bs_info(*bs_info, 0, 0, &ptr_div_blocks, &ctx->num_blocks);

    // The last frame may have an overdetermined block structure given in
    // the bitstream. In that case the defined block structure would need
    // more samples than available to be consistent.
    // The block structure is actually used but the block sizes are adapted
    // to fit the actual number of available samples.
    // Example: 5 samples, 2nd level block sizes: 2 2 2 2.
    // This results in the actual block sizes:    2 2 1 0.
    // This is not specified in 14496-3 but actually done by the reference
    // codec RM22 revision 2.
    // This appears to happen in case of an odd number of samples in the last
    // frame which is actually not allowed by the block length switching part
    // of 14496-3.
    // The ALS conformance files feature an odd number of samples in the last
    // frame.

    for (b = 0; b < ctx->num_blocks; b++)
        div_blocks[b] = ctx->sconf.frame_length >> div_blocks[b];

    if (ctx->cur_frame_length != ctx->sconf.frame_length) {
        unsigned int remaining = ctx->cur_frame_length;

        for (b = 0; b < ctx->num_blocks; b++) {
            if (remaining <= div_blocks[b]) {
                div_blocks[b] = remaining;
                ctx->num_blocks = b + 1;
                break;
            }

            remaining -= div_blocks[b];
        }
    }
}


/** Reads the block data for a constant block
 */
static void read_const_block_data(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    AVCodecContext *avctx    = ctx->avctx;
    GetBitContext *gb        = &ctx->gb;

    bd->const_val    = 0;
    bd->const_block  = get_bits1(gb);    // 1 = constant value, 0 = zero block (silence)
    bd->js_blocks    = get_bits1(gb);

    // skip 5 reserved bits
    skip_bits(gb, 5);

    if (bd->const_block) {
        unsigned int const_val_bits = sconf->floating ? 24 : avctx->bits_per_raw_sample;
        bd->const_val = get_sbits_long(gb, const_val_bits);
    }

    // ensure constant block decoding by reusing this field
    bd->const_block = 1;
}


/** Decodes the block data for a constant block
 */
static void decode_const_block_data(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    int      smp = bd->block_length;
    int32_t  val = bd->const_val;
    int32_t *dst = bd->raw_samples;

    // write raw samples into buffer
    for (; smp; smp--)
        *dst++ = val;
}


/** Reads the block data for a non-constant block
 */
static int read_var_block_data(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    AVCodecContext *avctx    = ctx->avctx;
    GetBitContext *gb        = &ctx->gb;
    unsigned int k;
    unsigned int s[8];
    unsigned int sx[8];
    unsigned int sub_blocks, log2_sub_blocks, sb_length;
    unsigned int start      = 0;
    unsigned int opt_order;
    int          sb;
    int32_t      *quant_cof = bd->quant_cof;
    int32_t      *current_res;


    // ensure variable block decoding by reusing this field
    bd->const_block = 0;

    bd->opt_order   = 1;
    bd->js_blocks   = get_bits1(gb);

    opt_order       = bd->opt_order;

    // determine the number of subblocks for entropy decoding
    if (!sconf->bgmc && !sconf->sb_part) {
        log2_sub_blocks = 0;
    } else {
        if (sconf->bgmc && sconf->sb_part)
            log2_sub_blocks = get_bits(gb, 2);
        else
            log2_sub_blocks = 2 * get_bits1(gb);
    }

    sub_blocks = 1 << log2_sub_blocks;

    // do not continue in case of a damaged stream since
    // block_length must be evenly divisible by sub_blocks
    if (bd->block_length & (sub_blocks - 1)) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING,
               "Block length is not evenly divisible by the number of subblocks.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    sb_length = bd->block_length >> log2_sub_blocks;

    if (sconf->bgmc) {
        s[0] = get_bits(gb, 8 + (sconf->resolution > 1));
        for (k = 1; k < sub_blocks; k++)
            s[k] = s[k - 1] + decode_rice(gb, 2);

        for (k = 0; k < sub_blocks; k++) {
            sx[k]   = s[k] & 0x0F;
            s [k] >>= 4;
        }
    } else {
        s[0] = get_bits(gb, 4 + (sconf->resolution > 1));
        for (k = 1; k < sub_blocks; k++)
            s[k] = s[k - 1] + decode_rice(gb, 0);
    }

    if (get_bits1(gb))
        bd->shift_lsbs = get_bits(gb, 4) + 1;

    bd->store_prev_samples = (bd->js_blocks && bd->raw_other) || bd->shift_lsbs;


    if (!sconf->rlslms) {
        if (sconf->adapt_order) {
            int opt_order_length = av_ceil_log2(av_clip((bd->block_length >> 3) - 1,
                                                2, sconf->max_order + 1));
            bd->opt_order        = get_bits(gb, opt_order_length);
        } else {
            bd->opt_order = sconf->max_order;
        }

        opt_order = bd->opt_order;

        if (opt_order) {
            int add_base;

            if (sconf->coef_table == 3) {
                add_base = 0x7F;

                // read coefficient 0
                quant_cof[0] = 32 * parcor_scaled_values[get_bits(gb, 7)];

                // read coefficient 1
                if (opt_order > 1)
                    quant_cof[1] = -32 * parcor_scaled_values[get_bits(gb, 7)];

                // read coefficients 2 to opt_order
                for (k = 2; k < opt_order; k++)
                    quant_cof[k] = get_bits(gb, 7);
            } else {
                int k_max;
                add_base = 1;

                // read coefficient 0 to 19
                k_max = FFMIN(opt_order, 20);
                for (k = 0; k < k_max; k++) {
                    int rice_param = parcor_rice_table[sconf->coef_table][k][1];
                    int offset     = parcor_rice_table[sconf->coef_table][k][0];
                    quant_cof[k] = decode_rice(gb, rice_param) + offset;
                }

                // read coefficients 20 to 126
                k_max = FFMIN(opt_order, 127);
                for (; k < k_max; k++)
                    quant_cof[k] = decode_rice(gb, 2) + (k & 1);

                // read coefficients 127 to opt_order
                for (; k < opt_order; k++)
                    quant_cof[k] = decode_rice(gb, 1);

                quant_cof[0] = 32 * parcor_scaled_values[quant_cof[0] + 64];

                if (opt_order > 1)
                    quant_cof[1] = -32 * parcor_scaled_values[quant_cof[1] + 64];
            }

            for (k = 2; k < opt_order; k++)
                quant_cof[k] = (quant_cof[k] << 14) + (add_base << 13);
        }
    }

    // read LTP gain and lag values
    if (sconf->long_term_prediction) {
        *bd->use_ltp = get_bits1(gb);

        if (*bd->use_ltp) {
            int r, c;

            bd->ltp_gain[0]   = decode_rice(gb, 1) << 3;
            bd->ltp_gain[1]   = decode_rice(gb, 2) << 3;

            r                 = get_unary(gb, 0, 4);
            c                 = get_bits(gb, 2);
            bd->ltp_gain[2]   = ltp_gain_values[r][c];

            bd->ltp_gain[3]   = decode_rice(gb, 2) << 3;
            bd->ltp_gain[4]   = decode_rice(gb, 1) << 3;

            *bd->ltp_lag      = get_bits(gb, ctx->ltp_lag_length);
            *bd->ltp_lag     += FFMAX(4, opt_order + 1);
        }
    }

    // read first value and residuals in case of a random access block
    if (bd->ra_block) {
        if (opt_order)
            bd->raw_samples[0] = decode_rice(gb, avctx->bits_per_raw_sample - 4);
        if (opt_order > 1)
            bd->raw_samples[1] = decode_rice(gb, FFMIN(s[0] + 3, ctx->s_max));
        if (opt_order > 2)
            bd->raw_samples[2] = decode_rice(gb, FFMIN(s[0] + 1, ctx->s_max));

        start = FFMIN(opt_order, 3);
    }

    // read all residuals
    if (sconf->bgmc) {
        unsigned int delta[sub_blocks];
        unsigned int k    [sub_blocks];
        unsigned int b = av_clip((av_ceil_log2(bd->block_length) - 3) >> 1, 0, 5);
        unsigned int i = start;

        // read most significant bits
        unsigned int high;
        unsigned int low;
        unsigned int value;

        ff_bgmc_decode_init(gb, &high, &low, &value);

        current_res = bd->raw_samples + start;

        for (sb = 0; sb < sub_blocks; sb++, i = 0) {
            k    [sb] = s[sb] > b ? s[sb] - b : 0;
            delta[sb] = 5 - s[sb] + k[sb];

            ff_bgmc_decode(gb, sb_length, current_res,
                        delta[sb], sx[sb], &high, &low, &value, ctx->bgmc_lut, ctx->bgmc_lut_status);

            current_res += sb_length;
        }

        ff_bgmc_decode_end(gb);


        // read least significant bits and tails
        i = start;
        current_res = bd->raw_samples + start;

        for (sb = 0; sb < sub_blocks; sb++, i = 0) {
            unsigned int cur_tail_code = tail_code[sx[sb]][delta[sb]];
            unsigned int cur_k         = k[sb];
            unsigned int cur_s         = s[sb];

            for (; i < sb_length; i++) {
                int32_t res = *current_res;

                if (res == cur_tail_code) {
                    unsigned int max_msb =   (2 + (sx[sb] > 2) + (sx[sb] > 10))
                                          << (5 - delta[sb]);

                    res = decode_rice(gb, cur_s);

                    if (res >= 0) {
                        res += (max_msb    ) << cur_k;
                    } else {
                        res -= (max_msb - 1) << cur_k;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (res > cur_tail_code)
                        res--;

                    if (res & 1)
                        res = -res;

                    res >>= 1;

                    if (cur_k) {
                        res <<= cur_k;
                        res  |= get_bits_long(gb, cur_k);
                    }
                }

                *current_res++ = res;
            }
        }
    } else {
        current_res = bd->raw_samples + start;

        for (sb = 0; sb < sub_blocks; sb++, start = 0)
            for (; start < sb_length; start++)
                *current_res++ = decode_rice(gb, s[sb]);
     }

    if (!sconf->mc_coding || ctx->js_switch)
        align_get_bits(gb);

    return 0;
}


/** Decodes the block data for a non-constant block
 */
static int decode_var_block_data(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    unsigned int block_length = bd->block_length;
    unsigned int smp = 0;
    unsigned int k;
    int opt_order             = bd->opt_order;
    int sb;
    int64_t y;
    int32_t *quant_cof        = bd->quant_cof;
    int32_t *lpc_cof          = bd->lpc_cof;
    int32_t *raw_samples      = bd->raw_samples;
    int32_t *raw_samples_end  = bd->raw_samples + bd->block_length;
    int32_t *lpc_cof_reversed = ctx->lpc_cof_reversed_buffer;

    // reverse long-term prediction
    if (*bd->use_ltp) {
        int ltp_smp;

        for (ltp_smp = FFMAX(*bd->ltp_lag - 2, 0); ltp_smp < block_length; ltp_smp++) {
            int center = ltp_smp - *bd->ltp_lag;
            int begin  = FFMAX(0, center - 2);
            int end    = center + 3;
            int tab    = 5 - (end - begin);
            int base;

            y = 1 << 6;

            for (base = begin; base < end; base++, tab++)
                y += MUL64(bd->ltp_gain[tab], raw_samples[base]);

            raw_samples[ltp_smp] += y >> 7;
        }
    }

    // reconstruct all samples from residuals
    if (bd->ra_block) {
        for (smp = 0; smp < opt_order; smp++) {
            y = 1 << 19;

            for (sb = 0; sb < smp; sb++)
                y += MUL64(lpc_cof[sb], raw_samples[-(sb + 1)]);

            *raw_samples++ -= y >> 20;
            parcor_to_lpc(smp, quant_cof, lpc_cof);
        }
    } else {
        for (k = 0; k < opt_order; k++)
            parcor_to_lpc(k, quant_cof, lpc_cof);

        // store previous samples in case that they have to be altered
        if (bd->store_prev_samples)
            memcpy(bd->prev_raw_samples, raw_samples - sconf->max_order,
                   sizeof(*bd->prev_raw_samples) * sconf->max_order);

        // reconstruct difference signal for prediction (joint-stereo)
        if (bd->js_blocks && bd->raw_other) {
            int32_t *left, *right;

            if (bd->raw_other > raw_samples) {  // D = R - L
                left  = raw_samples;
                right = bd->raw_other;
            } else {                                // D = R - L
                left  = bd->raw_other;
                right = raw_samples;
            }

            for (sb = -1; sb >= -sconf->max_order; sb--)
                raw_samples[sb] = right[sb] - left[sb];
        }

        // reconstruct shifted signal
        if (bd->shift_lsbs)
            for (sb = -1; sb >= -sconf->max_order; sb--)
                raw_samples[sb] >>= bd->shift_lsbs;
    }

    // reverse linear prediction coefficients for efficiency
    lpc_cof = lpc_cof + opt_order;

    for (sb = 0; sb < opt_order; sb++)
        lpc_cof_reversed[sb] = lpc_cof[-(sb + 1)];

    // reconstruct raw samples
    raw_samples = bd->raw_samples + smp;
    lpc_cof     = lpc_cof_reversed + opt_order;

    for (; raw_samples < raw_samples_end; raw_samples++) {
        y = 1 << 19;

        for (sb = -opt_order; sb < 0; sb++)
            y += MUL64(lpc_cof[sb], raw_samples[sb]);

        *raw_samples -= y >> 20;
    }

    raw_samples = bd->raw_samples;

    // restore previous samples in case that they have been altered
    if (bd->store_prev_samples)
        memcpy(raw_samples - sconf->max_order, bd->prev_raw_samples,
               sizeof(*raw_samples) * sconf->max_order);

    return 0;
}


/** Reads the block data.
 */
static int read_block(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    GetBitContext *gb        = &ctx->gb;

    // read block type flag and read the samples accordingly
    if (get_bits1(gb)) {
        if (read_var_block_data(ctx, bd))
            return -1;
    } else {
        read_const_block_data(ctx, bd);
    }

    return 0;
}


/** Decodes the block data.
 */
static int decode_block(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    unsigned int smp;

    // read block type flag and read the samples accordingly
    if (bd->const_block)
        decode_const_block_data(ctx, bd);
    else if (decode_var_block_data(ctx, bd))
        return -1;

    // TODO: read RLSLMS extension data

    if (bd->shift_lsbs)
        for (smp = 0; smp < bd->block_length; smp++)
            bd->raw_samples[smp] <<= bd->shift_lsbs;

    return 0;
}


/** Reads and decodes block data successively.
 */
static int read_decode_block(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd)
{
    int ret;

    ret = read_block(ctx, bd);

    if (ret)
        return ret;

    ret = decode_block(ctx, bd);

    return ret;
}


/** Computes the number of samples left to decode for the current frame and
 *  sets these samples to zero.
 */
static void zero_remaining(unsigned int b, unsigned int b_max,
                           const unsigned int *div_blocks, int32_t *buf)
{
    unsigned int count = 0;

    while (b < b_max)
        count += div_blocks[b];

    if (count)
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf) * count);
}


/** Decodes blocks independently.
 */
static int decode_blocks_ind(ALSDecContext *ctx, unsigned int ra_frame,
                             unsigned int c, const unsigned int *div_blocks,
                             unsigned int *js_blocks)
{
    unsigned int b;
    ALSBlockData bd;

    memset(&bd, 0, sizeof(ALSBlockData));

    bd.ra_block         = ra_frame;
    bd.use_ltp          = ctx->use_ltp;
    bd.ltp_lag          = ctx->ltp_lag;
    bd.ltp_gain         = ctx->ltp_gain[0];
    bd.quant_cof        = ctx->quant_cof[0];
    bd.lpc_cof          = ctx->lpc_cof[0];
    bd.prev_raw_samples = ctx->prev_raw_samples;
    bd.raw_samples      = ctx->raw_samples[c];


    for (b = 0; b < ctx->num_blocks; b++) {
        bd.shift_lsbs       = 0;
        bd.block_length     = div_blocks[b];

        if (read_decode_block(ctx, &bd)) {
            // damaged block, write zero for the rest of the frame
            zero_remaining(b, ctx->num_blocks, div_blocks, bd.raw_samples);
            return -1;
        }
        bd.raw_samples += div_blocks[b];
        bd.ra_block     = 0;
    }

    return 0;
}


/** Decodes blocks dependently.
 */
static int decode_blocks(ALSDecContext *ctx, unsigned int ra_frame,
                         unsigned int c, const unsigned int *div_blocks,
                         unsigned int *js_blocks)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    unsigned int offset = 0;
    unsigned int b;
    ALSBlockData bd[2];

    memset(bd, 0, 2 * sizeof(ALSBlockData));

    bd[0].ra_block         = ra_frame;
    bd[0].use_ltp          = ctx->use_ltp;
    bd[0].ltp_lag          = ctx->ltp_lag;
    bd[0].ltp_gain         = ctx->ltp_gain[0];
    bd[0].quant_cof        = ctx->quant_cof[0];
    bd[0].lpc_cof          = ctx->lpc_cof[0];
    bd[0].prev_raw_samples = ctx->prev_raw_samples;
    bd[0].js_blocks        = *js_blocks;

    bd[1].ra_block         = ra_frame;
    bd[1].use_ltp          = ctx->use_ltp;
    bd[1].ltp_lag          = ctx->ltp_lag;
    bd[1].ltp_gain         = ctx->ltp_gain[0];
    bd[1].quant_cof        = ctx->quant_cof[0];
    bd[1].lpc_cof          = ctx->lpc_cof[0];
    bd[1].prev_raw_samples = ctx->prev_raw_samples;
    bd[1].js_blocks        = *(js_blocks + 1);

    // decode all blocks
    for (b = 0; b < ctx->num_blocks; b++) {
        unsigned int s;

        bd[0].shift_lsbs   = 0;
        bd[1].shift_lsbs   = 0;

        bd[0].block_length = div_blocks[b];
        bd[1].block_length = div_blocks[b];

        bd[0].raw_samples  = ctx->raw_samples[c    ] + offset;
        bd[1].raw_samples  = ctx->raw_samples[c + 1] + offset;

        bd[0].raw_other    = bd[1].raw_samples;
        bd[1].raw_other    = bd[0].raw_samples;

        if(read_decode_block(ctx, &bd[0]) || read_decode_block(ctx, &bd[1])) {
            // damaged block, write zero for the rest of the frame
            zero_remaining(b, ctx->num_blocks, div_blocks, bd[0].raw_samples);
            zero_remaining(b, ctx->num_blocks, div_blocks, bd[1].raw_samples);
            return -1;
        }

        // reconstruct joint-stereo blocks
        if (bd[0].js_blocks) {
            if (bd[1].js_blocks)
                av_log(ctx->avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Invalid channel pair!\n");

            for (s = 0; s < div_blocks[b]; s++)
                bd[0].raw_samples[s] = bd[1].raw_samples[s] - bd[0].raw_samples[s];
        } else if (bd[1].js_blocks) {
            for (s = 0; s < div_blocks[b]; s++)
                bd[1].raw_samples[s] = bd[1].raw_samples[s] + bd[0].raw_samples[s];
        }

        offset  += div_blocks[b];
        bd[0].ra_block = 0;
        bd[1].ra_block = 0;
    }

    // store carryover raw samples,
    // the others channel raw samples are stored by the calling function.
    memmove(ctx->raw_samples[c] - sconf->max_order,
            ctx->raw_samples[c] - sconf->max_order + sconf->frame_length,
            sizeof(*ctx->raw_samples[c]) * sconf->max_order);

    return 0;
}


/** Reads the channel data.
  */
static int read_channel_data(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSChannelData *cd, int c)
{
    GetBitContext *gb       = &ctx->gb;
    ALSChannelData *current = cd;
    unsigned int channels   = ctx->avctx->channels;
    int entries             = 0;

    while (entries < channels && !(current->stop_flag = get_bits1(gb))) {
        current->master_channel = get_bits_long(gb, av_ceil_log2(channels));

        if (current->master_channel >= channels) {
            av_log(ctx->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid master channel!\n");
            return -1;
        }

        if (current->master_channel != c) {
            current->time_diff_flag = get_bits1(gb);
            current->weighting[0]   = mcc_weightings[av_clip(decode_rice(gb, 1) + 16, 0, 32)];
            current->weighting[1]   = mcc_weightings[av_clip(decode_rice(gb, 2) + 14, 0, 32)];
            current->weighting[2]   = mcc_weightings[av_clip(decode_rice(gb, 1) + 16, 0, 32)];

            if (current->time_diff_flag) {
                current->weighting[3] = mcc_weightings[av_clip(decode_rice(gb, 1) + 16, 0, 32)];
                current->weighting[4] = mcc_weightings[av_clip(decode_rice(gb, 1) + 16, 0, 32)];
                current->weighting[5] = mcc_weightings[av_clip(decode_rice(gb, 1) + 16, 0, 32)];

                current->time_diff_sign  = get_bits1(gb);
                current->time_diff_index = get_bits(gb, ctx->ltp_lag_length - 3) + 3;
            }
        }

        current++;
        entries++;
    }

    if (entries == channels) {
        av_log(ctx->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Damaged channel data!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    align_get_bits(gb);
    return 0;
}


/** Recursively reverts the inter-channel correlation for a block.
 */
static int revert_channel_correlation(ALSDecContext *ctx, ALSBlockData *bd,
                                       ALSChannelData **cd, int *reverted,
                                       unsigned int offset, int c)
{
    ALSChannelData *ch = cd[c];
    unsigned int   dep = 0;
    unsigned int channels = ctx->avctx->channels;

    if (reverted[c])
        return 0;

    reverted[c] = 1;

    while (dep < channels && !ch[dep].stop_flag) {
        revert_channel_correlation(ctx, bd, cd, reverted, offset,
                                   ch[dep].master_channel);

        dep++;
    }

    if (dep == channels) {
        av_log(ctx->avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Invalid channel correlation!\n");
        return -1;
    }

    bd->use_ltp     = ctx->use_ltp + c;
    bd->ltp_lag     = ctx->ltp_lag + c;
    bd->ltp_gain    = ctx->ltp_gain[c];
    bd->lpc_cof     = ctx->lpc_cof[c];
    bd->quant_cof   = ctx->quant_cof[c];
    bd->raw_samples = ctx->raw_samples[c] + offset;

    dep = 0;
    while (!ch[dep].stop_flag) {
        unsigned int smp;
        unsigned int begin = 1;
        unsigned int end   = bd->block_length - 1;
        int64_t y;
        int32_t *master = ctx->raw_samples[ch[dep].master_channel] + offset;

        if (ch[dep].time_diff_flag) {
            int t = ch[dep].time_diff_index;

            if (ch[dep].time_diff_sign) {
                t      = -t;
                begin -= t;
            } else {
                end   -= t;
            }

            for (smp = begin; smp < end; smp++) {
                y  = (1 << 6) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[0], master[smp - 1    ]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[1], master[smp        ]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[2], master[smp + 1    ]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[3], master[smp - 1 + t]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[4], master[smp     + t]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[5], master[smp + 1 + t]);

                bd->raw_samples[smp] += y >> 7;
            }
        } else {
            for (smp = begin; smp < end; smp++) {
                y  = (1 << 6) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[0], master[smp - 1]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[1], master[smp    ]) +
                     MUL64(ch[dep].weighting[2], master[smp + 1]);

                bd->raw_samples[smp] += y >> 7;
            }
        }

        dep++;
    }

    return 0;
}


/** Reads the frame data.
 */
static int read_frame_data(ALSDecContext *ctx, unsigned int ra_frame)
{
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    AVCodecContext *avctx    = ctx->avctx;
    GetBitContext *gb = &ctx->gb;
    unsigned int div_blocks[32];                ///< block sizes.
    unsigned int c;
    unsigned int js_blocks[2];

    uint32_t bs_info = 0;

    // skip the size of the ra unit if present in the frame
    if (sconf->ra_flag == RA_FLAG_FRAMES && ra_frame)
        skip_bits_long(gb, 32);

    if (sconf->mc_coding && sconf->joint_stereo) {
        ctx->js_switch = get_bits1(gb);
        align_get_bits(gb);
    }

    if (!sconf->mc_coding || ctx->js_switch) {
        int independent_bs = !sconf->joint_stereo;

        for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++) {
            js_blocks[0] = 0;
            js_blocks[1] = 0;

            get_block_sizes(ctx, div_blocks, &bs_info);

            // if joint_stereo and block_switching is set, independent decoding
            // is signaled via the first bit of bs_info
            if (sconf->joint_stereo && sconf->block_switching)
                if (bs_info >> 31)
                    independent_bs = 2;

            // if this is the last channel, it has to be decoded independently
            if (c == avctx->channels - 1)
                independent_bs = 1;

            if (independent_bs) {
                if (decode_blocks_ind(ctx, ra_frame, c, div_blocks, js_blocks))
                    return -1;

                independent_bs--;
            } else {
                if (decode_blocks(ctx, ra_frame, c, div_blocks, js_blocks))
                    return -1;

                c++;
            }

            // store carryover raw samples
            memmove(ctx->raw_samples[c] - sconf->max_order,
                    ctx->raw_samples[c] - sconf->max_order + sconf->frame_length,
                    sizeof(*ctx->raw_samples[c]) * sconf->max_order);
        }
    } else { // multi-channel coding
        ALSBlockData   bd;
        int            b;
        int            *reverted_channels = ctx->reverted_channels;
        unsigned int   offset             = 0;

        for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++)
            if (ctx->chan_data[c] < ctx->chan_data_buffer) {
                av_log(ctx->avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid channel data!\n");
                return -1;
            }

        memset(&bd,               0, sizeof(ALSBlockData));
        memset(reverted_channels, 0, sizeof(*reverted_channels) * avctx->channels);

        bd.ra_block         = ra_frame;
        bd.prev_raw_samples = ctx->prev_raw_samples;

        get_block_sizes(ctx, div_blocks, &bs_info);

        for (b = 0; b < ctx->num_blocks; b++) {
            bd.shift_lsbs   = 0;
            bd.block_length = div_blocks[b];

            for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++) {
                bd.use_ltp     = ctx->use_ltp + c;
                bd.ltp_lag     = ctx->ltp_lag + c;
                bd.ltp_gain    = ctx->ltp_gain[c];
                bd.lpc_cof     = ctx->lpc_cof[c];
                bd.quant_cof   = ctx->quant_cof[c];
                bd.raw_samples = ctx->raw_samples[c] + offset;
                bd.raw_other   = NULL;

                read_block(ctx, &bd);
                if (read_channel_data(ctx, ctx->chan_data[c], c))
                    return -1;
            }

            for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++)
                if (revert_channel_correlation(ctx, &bd, ctx->chan_data,
                                               reverted_channels, offset, c))
                    return -1;

            for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++) {
                bd.use_ltp     = ctx->use_ltp + c;
                bd.ltp_lag     = ctx->ltp_lag + c;
                bd.ltp_gain    = ctx->ltp_gain[c];
                bd.lpc_cof     = ctx->lpc_cof[c];
                bd.quant_cof   = ctx->quant_cof[c];
                bd.raw_samples = ctx->raw_samples[c] + offset;
                decode_block(ctx, &bd);
            }

            memset(reverted_channels, 0, avctx->channels * sizeof(*reverted_channels));
            offset      += div_blocks[b];
            bd.ra_block  = 0;
        }

        // store carryover raw samples
        for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++)
            memmove(ctx->raw_samples[c] - sconf->max_order,
                    ctx->raw_samples[c] - sconf->max_order + sconf->frame_length,
                    sizeof(*ctx->raw_samples[c]) * sconf->max_order);
    }

    // TODO: read_diff_float_data

    return 0;
}


/** Decodes an ALS frame.
 */
static int decode_frame(AVCodecContext *avctx,
                        void *data, int *data_size,
                        AVPacket *avpkt)
{
    ALSDecContext *ctx       = avctx->priv_data;
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    const uint8_t *buffer    = avpkt->data;
    int buffer_size          = avpkt->size;
    int invalid_frame, size;
    unsigned int c, sample, ra_frame, bytes_read, shift;

    init_get_bits(&ctx->gb, buffer, buffer_size * 8);

    // In the case that the distance between random access frames is set to zero
    // (sconf->ra_distance == 0) no frame is treated as a random access frame.
    // For the first frame, if prediction is used, all samples used from the
    // previous frame are assumed to be zero.
    ra_frame = sconf->ra_distance && !(ctx->frame_id % sconf->ra_distance);

    // the last frame to decode might have a different length
    if (sconf->samples != 0xFFFFFFFF)
        ctx->cur_frame_length = FFMIN(sconf->samples - ctx->frame_id * (uint64_t) sconf->frame_length,
                                      sconf->frame_length);
    else
        ctx->cur_frame_length = sconf->frame_length;

    // decode the frame data
    if ((invalid_frame = read_frame_data(ctx, ra_frame) < 0))
        av_log(ctx->avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING,
               "Reading frame data failed. Skipping RA unit.\n");

    ctx->frame_id++;

    // check for size of decoded data
    size = ctx->cur_frame_length * avctx->channels *
           (av_get_bits_per_sample_format(avctx->sample_fmt) >> 3);

    if (size > *data_size) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Decoded data exceeds buffer size.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    *data_size = size;

    // transform decoded frame into output format
    #define INTERLEAVE_OUTPUT(bps)                                 \
    {                                                              \
        int##bps##_t *dest = (int##bps##_t*) data;                 \
        shift = bps - ctx->avctx->bits_per_raw_sample;             \
        for (sample = 0; sample < ctx->cur_frame_length; sample++) \
            for (c = 0; c < avctx->channels; c++)                  \
                *dest++ = ctx->raw_samples[c][sample] << shift;    \
    }

    if (ctx->avctx->bits_per_raw_sample <= 16) {
        INTERLEAVE_OUTPUT(16)
    } else {
        INTERLEAVE_OUTPUT(32)
    }

    bytes_read = invalid_frame ? buffer_size :
                                 (get_bits_count(&ctx->gb) + 7) >> 3;

    return bytes_read;
}


/** Uninitializes the ALS decoder.
 */
static av_cold int decode_end(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    ALSDecContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;

    av_freep(&ctx->sconf.chan_pos);

    ff_bgmc_end(&ctx->bgmc_lut, &ctx->bgmc_lut_status);

    av_freep(&ctx->use_ltp);
    av_freep(&ctx->ltp_lag);
    av_freep(&ctx->ltp_gain);
    av_freep(&ctx->ltp_gain_buffer);
    av_freep(&ctx->quant_cof);
    av_freep(&ctx->lpc_cof);
    av_freep(&ctx->quant_cof_buffer);
    av_freep(&ctx->lpc_cof_buffer);
    av_freep(&ctx->lpc_cof_reversed_buffer);
    av_freep(&ctx->prev_raw_samples);
    av_freep(&ctx->raw_samples);
    av_freep(&ctx->raw_buffer);
    av_freep(&ctx->chan_data);
    av_freep(&ctx->chan_data_buffer);
    av_freep(&ctx->reverted_channels);

    return 0;
}


/** Initializes the ALS decoder.
 */
static av_cold int decode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    unsigned int c;
    unsigned int channel_size;
    int num_buffers;
    ALSDecContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
    ALSSpecificConfig *sconf = &ctx->sconf;
    ctx->avctx = avctx;

    if (!avctx->extradata) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Missing required ALS extradata.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if (read_specific_config(ctx)) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Reading ALSSpecificConfig failed.\n");
        decode_end(avctx);
        return -1;
    }

    if (check_specific_config(ctx)) {
        decode_end(avctx);
        return -1;
    }

    if (sconf->bgmc)
        ff_bgmc_init(avctx, &ctx->bgmc_lut, &ctx->bgmc_lut_status);

    if (sconf->floating) {
        avctx->sample_fmt          = SAMPLE_FMT_FLT;
        avctx->bits_per_raw_sample = 32;
    } else {
        avctx->sample_fmt          = sconf->resolution > 1
                                     ? SAMPLE_FMT_S32 : SAMPLE_FMT_S16;
        avctx->bits_per_raw_sample = (sconf->resolution + 1) * 8;
    }

    // set maximum Rice parameter for progressive decoding based on resolution
    // This is not specified in 14496-3 but actually done by the reference
    // codec RM22 revision 2.
    ctx->s_max = sconf->resolution > 1 ? 31 : 15;

    // set lag value for long-term prediction
    ctx->ltp_lag_length = 8 + (avctx->sample_rate >=  96000) +
                              (avctx->sample_rate >= 192000);

    // allocate quantized parcor coefficient buffer
    num_buffers = sconf->mc_coding ? avctx->channels : 1;

    ctx->quant_cof        = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->quant_cof) * num_buffers);
    ctx->lpc_cof          = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->lpc_cof)   * num_buffers);
    ctx->quant_cof_buffer = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->quant_cof_buffer) *
                                      num_buffers * sconf->max_order);
    ctx->lpc_cof_buffer   = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->lpc_cof_buffer) *
                                      num_buffers * sconf->max_order);
    ctx->lpc_cof_reversed_buffer = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->lpc_cof_buffer) *
                                             sconf->max_order);

    if (!ctx->quant_cof              || !ctx->lpc_cof        ||
        !ctx->quant_cof_buffer       || !ctx->lpc_cof_buffer ||
        !ctx->lpc_cof_reversed_buffer) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Allocating buffer memory failed.\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

    // assign quantized parcor coefficient buffers
    for (c = 0; c < num_buffers; c++) {
        ctx->quant_cof[c] = ctx->quant_cof_buffer + c * sconf->max_order;
        ctx->lpc_cof[c]   = ctx->lpc_cof_buffer   + c * sconf->max_order;
    }

    // allocate and assign lag and gain data buffer for ltp mode
    ctx->use_ltp         = av_mallocz(sizeof(*ctx->use_ltp)  * num_buffers);
    ctx->ltp_lag         = av_malloc (sizeof(*ctx->ltp_lag)  * num_buffers);
    ctx->ltp_gain        = av_malloc (sizeof(*ctx->ltp_gain) * num_buffers);
    ctx->ltp_gain_buffer = av_malloc (sizeof(*ctx->ltp_gain_buffer) *
                                      num_buffers * 5);

    if (!ctx->use_ltp  || !ctx->ltp_lag ||
        !ctx->ltp_gain || !ctx->ltp_gain_buffer) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Allocating buffer memory failed.\n");
        decode_end(avctx);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

    for (c = 0; c < num_buffers; c++)
        ctx->ltp_gain[c] = ctx->ltp_gain_buffer + c * 5;

    // allocate and assign channel data buffer for mcc mode
    if (sconf->mc_coding) {
        ctx->chan_data_buffer  = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->chan_data_buffer) *
                                           num_buffers * num_buffers);
        ctx->chan_data         = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->chan_data) *
                                           num_buffers);
        ctx->reverted_channels = av_malloc(sizeof(*ctx->reverted_channels) *
                                           num_buffers);

        if (!ctx->chan_data_buffer || !ctx->chan_data || !ctx->reverted_channels) {
            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Allocating buffer memory failed.\n");
            decode_end(avctx);
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        }

        for (c = 0; c < num_buffers; c++)
            ctx->chan_data[c] = ctx->chan_data_buffer + c * num_buffers;
    } else {
        ctx->chan_data         = NULL;
        ctx->chan_data_buffer  = NULL;
        ctx->reverted_channels = NULL;
    }

    avctx->frame_size = sconf->frame_length;
    channel_size      = sconf->frame_length + sconf->max_order;

    ctx->prev_raw_samples = av_malloc (sizeof(*ctx->prev_raw_samples) * sconf->max_order);
    ctx->raw_buffer       = av_mallocz(sizeof(*ctx->     raw_buffer)  * avctx->channels * channel_size);
    ctx->raw_samples      = av_malloc (sizeof(*ctx->     raw_samples) * avctx->channels);

    // allocate previous raw sample buffer
    if (!ctx->prev_raw_samples || !ctx->raw_buffer|| !ctx->raw_samples) {
        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Allocating buffer memory failed.\n");
        decode_end(avctx);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

    // assign raw samples buffers
    ctx->raw_samples[0] = ctx->raw_buffer + sconf->max_order;
    for (c = 1; c < avctx->channels; c++)
        ctx->raw_samples[c] = ctx->raw_samples[c - 1] + channel_size;

    return 0;
}


/** Flushes (resets) the frame ID after seeking.
 */
static av_cold void flush(AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    ALSDecContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;

    ctx->frame_id = 0;
}


AVCodec als_decoder = {
    "als",
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO,
    CODEC_ID_MP4ALS,
    sizeof(ALSDecContext),
    decode_init,
    NULL,
    decode_end,
    decode_frame,
    .flush = flush,
    .capabilities = CODEC_CAP_SUBFRAMES,
    .long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS)"),
};